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Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled automated heuristic design (AHD) for combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), but existing frameworks' reliance on fixed evolutionary rules and static prompt templates often leads to myopic…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at descriptive tasks within images but often struggle with precise object localization, a critical element for reliable visual interpretation. In contrast, traditional object detection models…

Existing learning-based autonomous driving (AD) systems face challenges in comprehending high-level information, generalizing to rare events, and providing interpretability. To address these problems, this work employs Large Language Models…

Web-based participatory urban sensing has emerged as a vital approach for modern urban management by leveraging mobile individuals as distributed sensors. However, existing urban sensing systems struggle with limited generalization across…

Endowed with inherent dynamical properties that grant them remarkable ruggedness and adaptability, spherical tensegrity robots stand as prototypical examples of hybrid softrigid designs and excellent mobile platforms. However, path planning…

Large foundation models enable powerful reasoning for autonomous systems, but mapping semantic intent to reliable real-time control remains challenging. Existing approaches either (i) let Large Language Models (LLMs) generate trajectories…

Automating operations research (OR) with large language models (LLMs) remains limited by hand-crafted reasoning--execution workflows. Complex OR tasks require adaptive coordination among problem interpretation, mathematical formulation,…

Task-oriented semantic communication has emerged as a fundamental approach for enhancing performance in various communication scenarios. While recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), such as Large Language Models…

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents for long-horizon information-seeking, managing finite context capacity has become a critical bottleneck. Existing context management methods typically commit to a single fixed…

The applications of large language models (LLMs) in various biological domains have been explored recently, but their reasoning ability in complex biological systems, such as pathways, remains underexplored, which is crucial for predicting…

Passive fatigue during conditional automated driving can compromise driver readiness and safety. This paper presents findings from a test-track study with 40 participants in a real-world automated driving scenario. In this scenario, a Large…

Navigation presents a significant challenge for persons with visual impairments (PVI). While traditional aids such as white canes and guide dogs are invaluable, they fall short in delivering detailed spatial information and precise guidance…

Understanding and modeling human mobility patterns is crucial for effective transportation planning and urban development. Despite significant advances in mobility research, there remains a critical gap in simulation platforms that allow…

We humans can impeccably search for a target object, given its name only, even in an unseen environment. We argue that this ability is largely due to three main reasons: the incorporation of prior knowledge (or experience), the adaptation…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Autonomous Driving (AD) encounters significant safety hurdles in long-tail unforeseen driving scenarios, largely stemming from the non-interpretability and poor generalization of the deep neural networks within the AD system, particularly…

Agent-based modeling approaches represent the state-of-art in modeling travel demand and transportation system dynamics and are valuable tools for transportation planning. However, established agent-based approaches in transportation rely…

Trip planning for intelligent vehicles increasingly requires selecting optimal routes rather than merely producing feasible itineraries, as interacting factors such as travel time, energy consumption, and traffic conditions directly affect…

Human mobility prediction is a critical task but remains challenging due to its complexity and variability across populations and regions. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made progress in zero-shot prediction, but existing…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with microscopic traffic simulation offers a promising path toward autonomous urban planning and intelligent transportation analysis. However, existing monolithic agent architectures often…