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Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has contributed to performance improvements in large language models. To tackle its reliance on substantial amounts of human-labeled data, a successful approach is multi-task representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Ruitao Chen , Liwei Wang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) can be used to capture complex and nuanced properties of text generation quality. As a result, the task of text summarization has been identified as a good candidate for this process. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Sian Gooding , Hassan Mansoor

Most research in Bayesian optimization (BO) has focused on \emph{direct feedback} scenarios, where one has access to exact values of some expensive-to-evaluate objective. This direction has been mainly driven by the use of BO in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Eero Siivola , Akash Kumar Dhaka , Michael Riis Andersen , Javier Gonzalez , Pablo Garcia Moreno , Aki Vehtari

Aligning human preference and value is an important requirement for contemporary foundation models. State-of-the-art techniques such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) often consist of two stages: 1) supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jiaxiang Li , Siliang Zeng , Hoi-To Wai , Chenliang Li , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

Reinforcement Learning from Human feedback (RLHF) has become a powerful tool to fine-tune or train agentic machine learning models. Similar to how humans interact in social contexts, we can use many types of feedback to communicate our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yannick Metz , David Lindner , Raphaël Baur , Mennatallah El-Assady

In this article, we investigate the alignment of Large Language Models according to human preferences. We discuss the features of training a Preference Model, which simulates human preferences, and the methods and details we found essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexey Kutalev , Sergei Markoff

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has evolved to be one of the main methods for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). However, existing RLHF methods are non-robust, and their performance deteriorates if the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Debmalya Mandal , Paulius Sasnauskas , Goran Radanovic

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become central to aligning large language models with human values, typically by first learning a reward model from preference data which is then used to update the model with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Keertana Chidambaram , Karthik Vinary Seetharaman , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a widely adopted approach for aligning large language models with human values. However, RLHF relies on a reward model that is trained with a limited amount of human preference data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Shun Zhang , Zhenfang Chen , Sunli Chen , Yikang Shen , Zhiqing Sun , Chuang Gan

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become central to aligning large language models with human values, typically by first learning a reward model from preference data which is then used to update the model with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Keertana Chidambaram , Karthik Vinay Seetharaman , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a popular paradigm for aligning models with human intent. Typically RLHF algorithms operate in two phases: first, use human preferences to learn a reward function and second,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Joey Hejna , Rafael Rafailov , Harshit Sikchi , Chelsea Finn , Scott Niekum , W. Bradley Knox , Dorsa Sadigh

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning generative models, but its reliance on learned reward models makes it vulnerable to mis-specification and reward hacking. Preference-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

Learning from human feedback is a prominent technique to align the output of large language models (LLMs) with human expectations. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) leverages human preference signals that are in the form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Di Jin , Shikib Mehri , Devamanyu Hazarika , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Sungjin Lee , Yang Liu , Mahdi Namazifar

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is currently the leading approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. Typically, these models rely on extensive offline preference datasets for training. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Avinandan Bose , Zhihan Xiong , Aadirupa Saha , Simon Shaolei Du , Maryam Fazel

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has shown promise in aligning large language models (LLMs). Yet its reliance on a singular reward model often overlooks the diversity of human preferences. Recent approaches address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tianze Wang , Dongnan Gui , Yifan Hu , Shuhang Lin , Linjun Zhang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has demonstrated effectiveness in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, token-level RLHF suffers from the credit assignment problem over long sequences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yekun Chai , Haoran Sun , Huang Fang , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

This paper presents a novel approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) with individual human preferences, sometimes referred to as Reinforcement Learning from \textit{Personalized} Human Feedback (RLPHF). Given stated preferences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jin Peng Zhou , Katie Z Luo , Jingwen Gu , Jason Yuan , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Wen Sun

The success of AI assistants based on language models (LLMs) hinges crucially on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), which enables the generation of responses more aligned with human preferences. As universal AI assistants,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Rui Zheng , Wei Shen , Yuan Hua , Wenbin Lai , Shihan Dou , Yuhao Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Xiao Wang , Haoran Huang , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Aligning the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences (e.g., by means of reinforcement learning with human feedback, or RLHF) is essential for ensuring their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Despite significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Pietro Bernardelle , Gianluca Demartini

To design rewards that align with human goals, Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a prominent technique for learning reward functions from human preferences and optimizing policies via reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Taehyun Cho , Seokhun Ju , Seungyub Han , Dohyeong Kim , Kyungjae Lee , Jungwoo Lee