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With the rise of AI systems in real-world applications comes the need for reliable and trustworthy AI. An essential aspect of this are explainable AI systems. However, there is no agreed standard on how explainable AI systems should be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Sascha Saralajew , Ammar Shaker , Zhao Xu , Kiril Gashteovski , Bhushan Kotnis , Wiem Ben Rim , Jürgen Quittek , Carolin Lawrence

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

Regulatory efforts to protect against algorithmic bias have taken on increased urgency with rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), which are machine learning models that can achieve performance rivaling human experts on a wide…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-05 Johann D. Gaebler , Sharad Goel , Aziz Huq , Prasanna Tambe

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across a variety of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and natural language processing tasks, such as content creation, report generation, etc. However, unregulated malign application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Harika Abburi , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya

In human society, trust is an essential component of social attitude that helps build and maintain long-term, healthy relationships which creates a strong foundation for cooperation, enabling individuals to work together effectively and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Anushka Debnath , Stephen Cranefield , Emiliano Lorini , Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu

Reliable simulation of human behavior is essential for explaining, predicting, and intervening in our society. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in emulating human behaviors, interactions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ning Bian , Xianpei Han , Hongyu Lin , Baolei Wu , Jun Wang

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Large Language Models (LLMs) created new opportunities for generating personas, expected to streamline and accelerate the human-centered design process. Yet, AI-generated personas may not accurately represent actual user experiences, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Christopher Lazik , Christopher Katins , Charlotte Kauter , Jonas Jakob , Caroline Jay , Lars Grunske , Thomas Kosch

The development of Generative AI Large Language Models (LLMs) raised the alarm regarding identifying content produced through generative AI or humans. In one case, issues arise when students heavily rely on such tools in a manner that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ayat Najjar , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Omar Darwish , Eman Hammad

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate a remarkable capacity to adopt different personas and roles; however, it remains unclear whether they can manifest behavior that adheres to a coherent, human-like value structure. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Asaf Yehudai , Naama Rozen , Ariel Gera

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate and edit scientific abstracts, yet their integration into academic writing raises questions about trust, quality, and disclosure. Despite growing adoption, little is known about…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Nil-Jana Akpinar , Sandeep Avula , CJ Lee , Brandon Dang , Kaza Razat , Vanessa Murdock

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Claude, Gemini, and Grok have been deeply integrated into our daily life. They now support a wide range of tasks -- from dialogue and email drafting to assisting with teaching and coding, serving as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Ying Yang , Chengchun Shi

Perceived trustworthiness underpins how users navigate online information, yet it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs),increasingly embedded in search, recommendation, and conversational systems, represent this construct in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Gerard Yeo , Svetlana Churina , Kokil Jaidka

While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation and reasoning, their ability to simulate human decision-making -- particularly in political contexts -- remains an open question. However, modeling voter behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Chenxiao Yu , Jinyi Ye , Yuangang Li , Zheng Li , Emilio Ferrara , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Task-oriented conversational systems are essential for efficiently addressing diverse user needs, yet their development requires substantial amounts of high-quality conversational data that is challenging and costly to obtain. While large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zhefan Wang , Ning Geng , Zhiqiang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as collaborative assistants, yet dominant NLP evaluation practices remain centered on aggregate metrics such as accuracy and fluency. These approaches often overlook behaviors that are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shi Ding , Sijian Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes settings, where overconfident responses can mislead users. Reliable confidence estimation has been shown to enhance trust and task accuracy. Yet existing methods face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Linwei Tao , Yi-Fan Yeh , Bo Kai , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Tom A. Lamb , Jialin Yu , Philip H. S. Torr , Chang Xu

Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on some tasks while failing dramatically on others. The situation has generated considerable interest in understanding and comparing the capabilities of various Language Models (LMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 George Cybenko , Joshua Ackerman , Paul Lintilhac

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), multidimensional evaluation has become increasingly critical. However, current evaluations are often domain-specific and overly complex, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haitao Wu , Zongbo Han , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Huaxi Huang , Changqing Zhang

While extensive research has focused on ChatGPT in recent years, very few studies have systematically quantified and compared linguistic features between human-written and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated language. This exploratory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Georgios P. Georgiou