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Safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) has been gaining increasing attention. However, current safety-aligned LLMs suffer from the fragile and imbalanced safety mechanisms, which can still be induced to generate unsafe responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Weixiang Zhao , Yulin Hu , Zhuojun Li , Yang Deng , Jiahe Guo , Xingyu Sui , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

As large language models (LLMs) rapidly evolve, they bring significant conveniences to our work and daily lives, but also introduce considerable safety risks. These models can generate texts with social biases or unethical content, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhihao Liu , Chenhui Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential as general-purpose AI assistants across various domains. To fully leverage this potential in specific applications, many companies provide fine-tuning API services, enabling users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Jiahao Wu , Weiyu Chen , Zhirui Zhang , Yew-Soon Ong , Qi Wang , Ke Tang

Static Analysis (SA) tools are used to identify potential weaknesses in code and fix them in advance, while the code is being developed. In legacy codebases with high complexity, these rules-based static analysis tools generally report a…

Information security is facing increasingly severe challenges, and traditional protection means are difficult to cope with complex and changing threats. In recent years, as an emerging intelligent technology, large language models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chang Gong , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

The latest advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked interest in their potential for software vulnerability detection. However, there is currently a lack of research specifically focused on vulnerabilities in the PHP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Di Cao , Yong Liao , Xiuwei Shang

Large language model (LLM) services have recently begun offering a plugin ecosystem to interact with third-party API services. This innovation enhances the capabilities of LLMs, but it also introduces risks, as these plugins developed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Wanru Zhao , Vidit Khazanchi , Haodi Xing , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Nicholas Donald Lane

The field of software security testing, more specifically penetration testing, is an activity that requires high levels of expertise and involves many manual testing and analysis steps. This paper explores the potential usage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

The popularity of large language models (LLMs) continues to grow, and LLM-based assistants have become ubiquitous. Information security awareness (ISA) is an important yet underexplored area of LLM safety. ISA encompasses LLMs' security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ofir Cohen , Gil Ari Agmon , Asaf Shabtai , Rami Puzis

Context. Developing secure and reliable software remains a key challenge in software engineering (SE). The ever-evolving technological landscape offers both opportunities and threats, creating a dynamic space where chaos and order compete.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Matteo Esposito

As the role of Large Language Models (LLM)-based coding assistants in software development becomes more critical, so does the role of the bugs they generate in the overall cybersecurity landscape. While a number of LLM code security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Cyril Vallez , Alexander Sternfeld , Andrei Kucharavy , Ljiljana Dolamic

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have revolutionized automated code generation in software engineering. However, as these models are increasingly utilized for software development, concerns have arisen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Adrian Wood , Iqbal H. Sarker , Leandros Maglaras , Naeem Janjua

Code translation is crucial for cross-language codebase migration, and large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising technique to automate this process. However, the security implications of using LLMs for code translation remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hailong Chang , Guozhu Meng , Shuhui Xiao , Kai Chen , Kun Sun , Yilin Li

Bug triaging for security vulnerabilities is a critical part of software maintenance, ensuring that the most pressing vulnerabilities are addressed promptly to safeguard system integrity and user data. However, the process is…

Prompt engineering reduces reasoning mistakes in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness in mitigating vulnerabilities in LLM-generated code remains underexplored. To address this gap, we implemented a benchmark to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Marc Bruni , Fabio Gabrielli , Mohammad Ghafari , Martin Kropp

Large language models (LLMs) have been used in many application domains, including cyber security. The application of LLMs in the cyber security domain presents significant opportunities, such as for enhancing threat analysis and malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Adel ElZemity , Budi Arief , Shujun Li

Usability evaluations are essential for ensuring that modern interfaces meet user needs, yet traditional heuristic evaluations by human experts can be time-consuming and subjective, especially early in development. This paper investigates…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Nolan Platt , Ethan Luchs , Sehrish Nizamani

Increasing complexity in software systems places a growing demand on reasoning tools that unlock vulnerabilities manifest in source code. Many current approaches focus on vulnerability analysis as a classifying task, oversimplifying the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ala Jararweh , Michael Adams , Avinash Sahu , Abdullah Mueen , Afsah Anwar

Hacking poses a significant threat to cybersecurity, inflicting billions of dollars in damages annually. To mitigate these risks, ethical hacking, or penetration testing, is employed to identify vulnerabilities in systems and networks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Isamu Isozaki , Manil Shrestha , Rick Console , Edward Kim