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We introduce SoftMimic, a framework for learning compliant whole-body control policies for humanoid robots from example motions. Imitating human motions with reinforcement learning allows humanoids to quickly learn new skills, but existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Gabriel B. Margolis , Michelle Wang , Nolan Fey , Pulkit Agrawal

Robotic loco-manipulation tasks often involve contact-rich interactions with the environment, requiring the joint modeling of contact force and robot position. However, recent visuomotor policies often focus solely on learning position or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Peiyuan Zhi , Peiyang Li , Jianqin Yin , Baoxiong Jia , Siyuan Huang

We present a unified gait-conditioned reinforcement learning framework that enables humanoid robots to perform standing, walking, running, and smooth transitions within a single recurrent policy. A compact reward routing mechanism…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tianhu Peng , Lingfan Bao , Chengxu Zhou

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for teaching robots complex behaviors without reward engineering. However, its effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: the reliance on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Wang , Dezhong Zhao , Ziqin Yuan , Tianyu Shao , Guohua Chen , Dominic Kao , Sungeun Hong , Byung-Cheol Min

Behavioral Foundation Models (BFMs) produce agents with the capability to adapt to any unknown reward or task. These methods, however, are only able to produce near-optimal policies for the reward functions that are in the span of some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Pranaya Jajoo , Harshit Sikchi , Siddhant Agarwal , Amy Zhang , Scott Niekum , Martha White

Humanoid whole-body loco-manipulation promises transformative capabilities for daily service and warehouse tasks. While recent advances in general motion tracking (GMT) have enabled humanoids to reproduce diverse human motions, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Siheng Zhao , Yanjie Ze , Yue Wang , C. Karen Liu , Pieter Abbeel , Guanya Shi , Rocky Duan

We introduce Reward-Zero, a general-purpose implicit reward mechanism that transforms natural-language task descriptions into dense, semantically grounded progress signals for reinforcement learning (RL). Reward-Zero serves as a simple yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Heng Zhang , Haddy Alchaer , Arash Ajoudani , Yu She

Whole-body manipulation (WBM) for humanoid robots presents a promising approach for executing embracing tasks involving bulky objects, where traditional grasping relying on end-effectors only remains limited in such scenarios due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Chunxin Zheng , Kai Chen , Zhihai Bi , Yulin Li , Liang Pan , Jinni Zhou , Haoang Li , Jun Ma

The rapid advancement of humanoid robotics has intensified the need for robust and adaptable controllers to enable stable and efficient locomotion across diverse platforms. However, developing such controllers remains a significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yunfeng Lin , Minghuan Liu , Yufei Xue , Ming Zhou , Yong Yu , Jiangmiao Pang , Weinan Zhang

Falling is an inherent risk of humanoid mobility. Maintaining stability is thus a primary safety focus in robot control and learning, yet no existing approach fully averts loss of balance. When instability does occur, prior work addresses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhengjie Xu , Ye Li , Kwan-yee Lin , Stella X. Yu

Humanoid robots hold great potential for diverse interactions and daily service tasks within human-centered environments, necessitating controllers that seamlessly integrate precise locomotion with dexterous manipulation. However, most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xinru Cui , Linxi Feng , Yixuan Zhou , Haoqi Han , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

As reinforcement learning for humanoid robots evolves from single-task to multi-skill paradigms, efficiently expanding new skills while avoiding catastrophic forgetting has become a key challenge in embodied intelligence. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yifei Yan , Linqi Ye

In robot manipulation, Reinforcement Learning (RL) often suffers from low sample efficiency and uncertain convergence, especially in large observation and action spaces. Foundation Models (FMs) offer an alternative, demonstrating promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Runyu Ma , Jelle Luijkx , Zlatan Ajanovic , Jens Kober

Animals and robots exist in a physical world and must coordinate their bodies to achieve behavioral objectives. With recent developments in deep reinforcement learning, it is now possible for scientists and engineers to obtain sensorimotor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yusheng Jiao , Feng Ling , Sina Heydari , Nicolas Heess , Josh Merel , Eva Kanso

Humanoid robots that can autonomously operate in diverse environments have the potential to help address labour shortages in factories, assist elderly at homes, and colonize new planets. While classical controllers for humanoid robots have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Ilija Radosavovic , Tete Xiao , Bike Zhang , Trevor Darrell , Jitendra Malik , Koushil Sreenath

Future robotic systems operating in real-world environments will require on-board embodied intelligence without continuous cloud connection, balancing capabilities with constraints on computational power and memory. This work presents an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Liam Boyle , Nicolas Baumann , Paviththiren Sivasothilingam , Michele Magno , Luca Benini

We present a universal motion representation that encompasses a comprehensive range of motor skills for physics-based humanoid control. Due to the high dimensionality of humanoids and the inherent difficulties in reinforcement learning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Zhengyi Luo , Jinkun Cao , Josh Merel , Alexander Winkler , Jing Huang , Kris Kitani , Weipeng Xu

Zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a setting for developing general agents, capable of solving downstream tasks without additional training or planning at test-time. While conventional RL optimizes policies for fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jacopo Di Ventura , Jan Felix Kleuker , Aske Plaat , Thomas Moerland

Humanoid robots, with their human-like morphology, hold great potential for industrial applications. However, existing loco-manipulation methods primarily focus on dexterous manipulation, falling short of the combined requirements for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kaiyan Xiao , Zihan Xu , Cheng Zhe , Chengju Liu , Qijun Chen

Motion imitation is a pivotal and effective approach for humanoid robots to achieve a more diverse range of complex and expressive movements, making their performances more human-like. However, the significant differences in kinematics and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Zhenghan Chen , Haodong Zhang , Dongqi Wang , Jiyu Yu , Haocheng Xu , Yue Wang , Rong Xiong