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Related papers: Benchmarking and Studying the LLM-based Agent Syst…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of LLM agents, systems capable of pursuing under-specified goals and adapting after deployment. Evaluating such agents is challenging because their behavior is open ended,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Zhenchang Xing , Dehai Zhao , Hao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

With ChatGPT-like large language models (LLM) prevailing in the community, how to evaluate the ability of LLMs is an open question. Existing evaluation methods suffer from following shortcomings: (1) constrained evaluation abilities, (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Jiaju Lin , Haoran Zhao , Aochi Zhang , Yiting Wu , Huqiuyue Ping , Qin Chen

This paper formalises the literature on emerging design patterns and paradigms for Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled multi-agent systems (MAS), evaluating their practical utility across various domains. We define key architectural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Harri Renney , Maxim N Nethercott , Nathan Renney , Peter Hayes

LLM-based agents are increasingly expected to handle real-world assistant tasks, yet existing benchmarks typically evaluate them under isolated sources of difficulty, such as a single environment or fully specified instructions. This leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiang Long , Li Du , Yilong Xu , Fangcheng Liu , Haoqing Wang , Ning Ding , Ziheng Li , Jianyuan Guo , Yehui Tang

Code completion, a key downstream task in code generation, is one of the most frequent and impactful methods for enhancing developer productivity in software development. As intelligent completion tools evolve, we need a robust evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhenyu Pan , Rongyu Cao , Yongchang Cao , Yingwei Ma , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Han Liu , Yongbin Li

Software development is a complex, multi-phase process traditionally requiring collaboration among individuals with diverse expertise. We propose AgentMesh, a Python-based framework that uses multiple cooperating LLM-powered agents to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Sourena Khanzadeh

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being utilized in complex software systems. However, reliability remains a significant challenge due to unpredictable failures such as hallucinations, execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Younggun Shin

Rigorous security-focused evaluation of large language model (LLM) agents is imperative for establishing trust in their safe deployment throughout the software development lifecycle. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hwiwon Lee , Ziqi Zhang , Hanxiao Lu , Lingming Zhang

We introduce ETOM, a five-level benchmark for evaluating multi-hop, end-to-end tool orchestration by LLM agents within a hierarchical Model-Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem. Existing benchmarks often assess tools in isolation, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jia-Kai Dong , I-Wei Huang , Chun-Tin Wu , Yi-Tien Tsai

Turning ideas into full software projects from scratch has become a popular use case for language models. Agents are being deployed to seed, maintain, and grow codebases over extended periods with minimal human oversight. Such settings…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought significant changes to various domains, especially through LLM-driven autonomous agents. A representative scenario is in software development, where LLM agents demonstrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Chen Qian , Yufan Dang , Jiahao Li , Wei Liu , Zihao Xie , Yifei Wang , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Xin Cong , Xiaoyin Che , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

We propose a novel model- and feature-based approach to development of vehicle software systems, where the end architecture is not explicitly defined. Instead, it emerges from an iterative process of search and optimization given certain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Krzysztof Lebioda , Viktor Vorobev , Nenad Petrovic , Fengjunjie Pan , Vahid Zolfaghari , Alois Knoll

Deploying Large Language Model-based agents (LLM agents) in the public sector requires assuring that they meet the stringent legal, procedural, and structural requirements of public-sector institutions. Practitioners and researchers often…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jonathan Rystrøm , Chris Schmitz , Karolina Korgul , Jan Batzner , Chris Russell

This paper reviews the architecture and implementation methods of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Motivated by the limitations of traditional LLMs in real-world tasks, the research aims to explore patterns to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Victor de Lamo Castrillo , Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

With the rapid development of LLM-based agents, there is a growing trend to incorporate agent-specific data into the pre-training stage of LLMs, aiming to better align LLMs with real-world autonomous task execution. However, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Jiarui Qin , Yunjia Xi , Junjie Huang , Renting Rui , Di Yin , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Xing Sun

Autonomous agents have rapidly matured as task executors and seen widespread deployment via harnesses such as OpenClaw. Safety concerns have rightly drawn growing research attention, and beneath them lie the values silently steering agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haonan Dong , Qiguan Feng , Kehan Jiang , Haoran Ye , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

Recent advances in code generation models have unlocked unprecedented opportunities for automating feature engineering, yet their adoption in real-world ML teams remains constrained by critical challenges: (i) the scarcity of datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Himanshu Thakur , Anusha Kamath , Anurag Muthyala , Dhwani Sanmukhani , Smruthi Mukund , Jay Katukuri