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In this paper, we review various end-to-end automatic speech recognition algorithms and their optimization techniques for on-device applications. Conventional speech recognition systems comprise a large number of discrete components such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Chanwoo Kim , Dhananjaya Gowda , Dongsoo Lee , Jiyeon Kim , Ankur Kumar , Sungsoo Kim , Abhinav Garg , Changwoo Han

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful and effective for processing sequential data. However, RNNs are usually considered "black box" models whose internal structure and learned parameters are not interpretable. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-23 Scott Wisdom , Thomas Powers , James Pitton , Les Atlas

This paper investigates the challenges and trade-offs associated with implementing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in resource-limited Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for real-time voice communication. We analyze three main architectural…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Inaam F. Qutaiba I. Ali

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) with bidirectional encoder representations from transformers BERT and connectionist temporal classification (CTC) transformers. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Noussaiba Djeffal , Hamza Kheddar , Djamel Addou , Ahmed Cherif Mazari , Yassine Himeur

Encoder-decoder based sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated state-of-the-art results in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). Recently, the transformer architecture, which uses self-attention to model temporal context…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

This paper introduces a novel Token-and-Duration Transducer (TDT) architecture for sequence-to-sequence tasks. TDT extends conventional RNN-Transducer architectures by jointly predicting both a token and its duration, i.e. the number of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Hainan Xu , Fei Jia , Somshubra Majumdar , He Huang , Shinji Watanabe , Boris Ginsburg

Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNNs) are widely used in both DNN-HMM based hybrid speech recognition systems and recent end-to-end systems. Nevertheless, the receptive fields of TDNNs are limited and fixed, which is not desirable for tasks…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-03 Keyu An , Yi Zhang , Zhijian Ou

Driven by the continuous development of models such as Multi-Layer Perceptron, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Transformer, deep learning has made breakthrough progress in fields such as computer vision and natural language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shuang Liu , Lina Zhao , Tian Wang , Huaqing Wang

Standard decoders for neural machine translation autoregressively generate a single target token per time step, which slows inference especially for long outputs. While architectural advances such as the Transformer fully parallelize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Nader Akoury , Kalpesh Krishna , Mohit Iyyer

Speech representations learned in a self-supervised fashion from massive unlabeled speech corpora have been adapted successfully toward several downstream tasks. However, such representations may be skewed toward canonical data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Anshu Bhatia , Sanchit Sinha , Saket Dingliwal , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Sravan Bodapati , Katrin Kirchhoff

It is estimated that around 70 million people worldwide are affected by a speech disorder called stuttering. With recent advances in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), voice assistants are increasingly useful in our everyday lives. Many…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-14 Olabanji Shonibare , Xiaosu Tong , Venkatesh Ravichandran

Finite-State Transducers (FSTs) are effective models for string-to-string rewriting tasks, often providing the efficiency necessary for high-performance applications, but constructing transducers by hand is difficult. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Michael Ginn , Alexis Palmer , Mans Hulden

Streaming recognition and segmentation of multi-party conversations with overlapping speech is crucial for the next generation of voice assistant applications. In this work we address its challenges discovered in the previous work on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-12 Ilya Sklyar , Anna Piunova , Christian Osendorfer

Sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) voice conversion (VC) models are attractive owing to their ability to convert prosody. Nonetheless, without sufficient data, seq2seq VC models can suffer from unstable training and mispronunciation problems in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-10 Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Hayashi , Yi-Chiao Wu , Hirokazu Kameoka , Tomoki Toda

In a pipeline speech translation system, automatic speech recognition (ASR) system will transmit errors in recognition to the downstream machine translation (MT) system. A standard machine translation system is usually trained on parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Qiao Cheng , Meiyuan Fang , Yaqian Han , Jin Huang , Yitao Duan

We introduce Amortized Neural Networks (AmNets), a compute cost- and latency-aware network architecture particularly well-suited for sequence modeling tasks. We apply AmNets to the Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T) to reduce…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-04 Jonathan Macoskey , Grant P. Strimel , Jinru Su , Ariya Rastrow

In this paper, we propose a new class of high-efficiency semantic coded transmission methods for end-to-end speech transmission over wireless channels. We name the whole system as deep speech semantic transmission (DSST). Specifically, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Zixuan Xiao , Shengshi Yao , Jincheng Dai , Sixian Wang , Kai Niu , Ping Zhang

In this work, we propose a new automatic speech recognition (ASR) system based on feature learning and an end-to-end training procedure for air traffic control (ATC) systems. The proposed model integrates the feature learning block,…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Peng Fan , Dongyue Guo , Yi Lin , Bo Yang , Jianwei Zhang

Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been shown to give state-of-the-art performance on many speech recognition tasks, as they are able to provide the learned dynamically changing contextual window of all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Xiangang Li , Xihong Wu

While previous CNN-based models have exhibited promising results for salient object detection (SOD), their ability to explore global long-range dependencies is restricted. Our previous work, the Visual Saliency Transformer (VST), addressed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Nian Liu , Ziyang Luo , Ni Zhang , Junwei Han