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Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) steers a dynamical plant to a cost-efficient steady-state, only relying on input-output sensitivity information, rather than on a full plant model. Unlike traditional feedforward approaches, OFO leverages…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Mattia Bianchi , Florian Dörfler

Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) is a control approach to drive a dynamical plant to an optimal steady state. By interconnecting optimization algorithms with real-time plant measurements, OFO provides all the benefits of feedback control,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Mattia Bianchi , Florian Dörfler

Feedback optimization has emerged as a promising approach for regulating dynamical systems to optimal steady states that are implicitly defined by underlying optimization problems. Despite their effectiveness, existing methods face two key…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Gianluca Bianchin , Bryan Van Scoy

Feedback optimization is a control paradigm that enables physical systems to autonomously reach efficient operating points. Its central idea is to interconnect optimization iterations in closed-loop with the physical plant. Since iterative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Zhiyu He , Saverio Bolognani , Jianping He , Florian Dörfler , Xinping Guan

Online feedback optimization (OFO) enables optimal steady-state operations of a physical system by employing an iterative optimization algorithm as a dynamic feedback controller. When the plant consists of several interconnected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Wenbin Wang , Zhiyu He , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

Autonomous optimization refers to the design of feedback controllers that steer a physical system to a steady state that solves a predefined, possibly constrained, optimization problem. As such, no exogenous control inputs such as setpoints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Adrian Hauswirth , Saverio Bolognani , Gabriela Hug , Florian Dörfler

Feedback optimization enables autonomous optimality seeking of a dynamical system through its closed-loop interconnection with iterative optimization algorithms. Among various iteration structures, model-based approaches require the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Zhiyu He , Saverio Bolognani , Michael Muehlebach , Florian Dörfler

Feedback optimization refers to a class of methods that steer a control system to a steady state that solves an optimization problem. Despite tremendous progress on the topic, an important problem remains open: enforcing state constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Giannis Delimpaltadakis , Pol Mestres , Jorge Cortés , W. P. M. H. Heemels

We introduce the family of limited model information control design methods, which construct controllers by accessing the plant's model in a constrained way, according to a given design graph. We investigate the closed-loop performance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-01-08 Farhad Farokhi , Cedric Langbort , Karl H. Johansson

We consider the problem of optimizing the steady state of a dynamical system in closed loop. Conventionally, the design of feedback optimization control laws assumes that the system is stationary. However, in reality, the dynamics of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-11 Sandeep Menta , Adrian Hauswirth , Saverio Bolognani , Gabriela Hug , Florian Dörfler

We propose a variant of consensus-based optimization (CBO) algorithms, controlled-CBO, which introduces a feedback control term to improve convergence towards global minimizers of non-convex functions in multiple dimensions. The feedback…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Yuyang Huang , Michael Herty , Dante Kalise , Nikolas Kantas

This paper develops and analyzes feedback-based online optimization methods to regulate the output of a linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system to the optimal solution of a time-varying convex optimization problem. The design of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Marcello Colombino , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Andrey Bernstein

Feedback optimization optimizes the steady state of a dynamical system by implementing optimization iterations in closed loop with the plant. It relies on online measurements and limited model information, namely, the input-output…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Winnie Chan , Zhiyu He , Keith Moffat , Saverio Bolognani , Michael Muehlebach , Florian Dörfler

Recently, there has been a surge of research on a class of methods called feedback optimization. These are methods to steer the state of a control system to an equilibrium that arises as the solution of an optimization problem. Despite the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Giannis Delimpaltadakis , Pol Mestres , Jorge Cortés , W. P. M. H. Heemels

In this paper, we present a novel control scheme for feedback optimization. That is, we propose a discrete-time controller that can steer the steady state of a physical plant to the solution of a constrained optimization problem without…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-09 Verena Häberle , Adrian Hauswirth , Lukas Ortmann , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

This paper introduces a new approach for output feedback stabilization of SISO systems which, unlike most of the techniques found in the literature, does not use high-gain observers and control input saturation to achieve separation between…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Manfredi Maggiore , Kevin Passino

This paper develops a persistently exciting input generating Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) controller that estimates the sensitivity of a process ensuring minimal deviations from the descent direction while converging. This eliminates…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Tore Gude , Marta Anna Zagorowska , Lars Struen Imsland

In this paper, we provide a novel contraction-theoretic approach to analyze two-time scale systems, including those commonly encountered in Online Feedback Optimization (OFO). Our framework endows these systems with several robustness…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-06 Liliaokeawawa Cothren , Francesco Bullo , Emiliano Dall'Anese

This paper considers the problem of steady-state real-time optimization (RTO) of interconnected systems with a common constraint that couples several units, for example, a shared resource. Such problems are often studied under the context…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Risvan Dirza , Hari Prasad Varadarajan , Vegard Aas , Sigurd Skogestad , Dinesh Krishnamoorthy

Online feedback optimization is a controller design paradigm for optimizing the steady-state behavior of a dynamical system. It employs an optimization algorithm as a dynamic feedback controller and utilizes real-time measurements to bypass…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-01 Wenbin Wang , Zhiyu He , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler
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