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Interpreting graph neural networks (GNNs) is difficult because message passing mixes signals and internal channels rarely align with human concepts. We study superposition, the sharing of directions by multiple features, directly in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Lukas Pertl , Han Xuanyuan , Pietro Liò

Message passing neural networks iteratively generate node embeddings by aggregating information from neighboring nodes. With increasing depth, information from more distant nodes is included. However, node embeddings may be unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Franka Bause , Samir Moustafa , Johannes Langguth , Wilfried N. Gansterer , Nils M. Kriege

Most graph neural networks (GNNs) are prone to the phenomenon of over-squashing in which node features become insensitive to information from distant nodes in the graph. Recent works have shown that the topology of the graph has the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Julia Balla

Driven by the outstanding performance of neural networks in the structured Euclidean domain, recent years have seen a surge of interest in developing neural networks for graphs and data supported on graphs. The graph is leveraged at each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Elvin Isufi , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable merit in performing various learning-based tasks in complex networks. The superior performance of GNNs often correlates with the availability and quality of node-level features in the input…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Anwar Said , Mudassir Shabbir , Tyler Derr , Waseem Abbas , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) learn low dimensional representations of nodes by aggregating information from their neighborhood in graphs. However, traditional GNNs suffer from two fundamental shortcomings due to their local ($l$-hop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Kashob Kumar Roy , Amit Roy , A K M Mahbubur Rahman , M Ashraful Amin , Amin Ahsan Ali

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have enjoyed wide spread applications in graph-structured data. However, existing graph based applications commonly lack annotated data. GNNs are required to learn latent patterns from a limited amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Wenqi Wei , Mu Qiao , Divyesh Jadav

Knowledge graphs are structured representations of facts in a graph, where nodes represent entities and edges represent relationships between them. Recent research has resulted in the development of several large KGs. However, all of them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Shikhar Vashishth

We study the problem of knowledge graph (KG) embedding. A widely-established assumption to this problem is that similar entities are likely to have similar relational roles. However, existing related methods derive KG embeddings mainly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Lingbing Guo , Zequn Sun , Wei Hu

Dynamical systems consisting of a set of autonomous agents face the challenge of having to accomplish a global task, relying only on local information. While centralized controllers are readily available, they face limitations in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Fernando Gama , Qingbiao Li , Ekaterina Tolstaya , Amanda Prorok , Alejandro Ribeiro

We propose a new method for embedding graphs while preserving directed edge information. Learning such continuous-space vector representations (or embeddings) of nodes in a graph is an important first step for using network information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Sami Abu-El-Haija , Bryan Perozzi , Rami Al-Rfou

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted substantial interest due to their potential to replicate the energy-efficient and event-driven processing of biological neurons. Despite this, the application of SNNs in graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Mingkun Xu , Huifeng Yin , Yujie Wu , Guoqi Li , Faqiang Liu , Jing Pei , Shuai Zhong , Lei Deng

The creation of social ties is largely determined by the entangled effects of people's similarities in terms of individual characters and friends. However, feature and structural characters of people usually appear to be correlated, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Sébastien Lerique , Jacob Levy Abitbol , Márton Karsai

Graph neural networks aim to learn representations for graph-structured data and show impressive performance, particularly in node classification. Recently, many methods have studied the representations of GNNs from the perspective of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jiaqi Sun , Lin Zhang , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang , Peng XU , Yujiu Yang

The recent advancements in graph neural networks (GNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performances in various applications, including chemo-informatics, question-answering systems, and recommender systems. However, scaling up these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima

Graph neural networks have shown significant success in the field of graph representation learning. Graph convolutions perform neighborhood aggregation and represent one of the most important graph operations. Nevertheless, one layer of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Meng Liu , Hongyang Gao , Shuiwang Ji

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for learning node embeddings in graphs, typically adopting a message-passing scheme. This approach, however, leads to the neighbor explosion problem, with exponentially growing computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zichao Yue , Chenhui Deng , Zhiru Zhang

The recent proliferation of knowledge graphs (KGs) coupled with incomplete or partial information, in the form of missing relations (links) between entities, has fueled a lot of research on knowledge base completion (also known as relation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Deepak Nathani , Jatin Chauhan , Charu Sharma , Manohar Kaul

In this paper, we study the factors that contribute to the effect of oversmoothing in deep Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Specifically, our analysis is based on a new metric (Mean Average Squared Distance - $MASED$) to quantify the extent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Dimitrios Kelesis , Dimitris Fotakis , Georgios Paliouras

The quality of signal propagation in message-passing graph neural networks (GNNs) strongly influences their expressivity as has been observed in recent works. In particular, for prediction tasks relying on long-range interactions, recursive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Pradeep Kr. Banerjee , Kedar Karhadkar , Yu Guang Wang , Uri Alon , Guido Montúfar