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Large language models (LLMs) have generated significant attention since their inception, finding applications across various academic and industrial domains. However, these models often suffer from the "hallucination problem", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zikai Xie

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

Understanding causal relationships across modalities is a core challenge for multimodal models operating in real-world environments. We introduce ISO-Bench, a benchmark for evaluating whether models can infer causal dependencies between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ananya Sadana , Yash Kumar Lal , Jiawei Zhou

Vision Language Models (VLMs) show impressive capabilities in integrating and reasoning with both visual and language data. But these models make mistakes. A common finding -- similar to LLMs -- is their tendency to hallucinate, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sotirios Panagiotis Chytas , Miso Choi , Hyunwoo J. Kim , Vikas Singh

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ray Li , Tanishka Bagade , Kevin Martinez , Flora Yasmin , Grant Ayala , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Large audio-language models (LALMs) enhance traditional large language models by integrating audio perception capabilities, allowing them to tackle audio-related tasks. Previous research has primarily focused on assessing the performance of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Chun-Yi Kuan , Wei-Ping Huang , Hung-yi Lee

Foundation models (FMs) deployed in real-world tasks such as computer-use agents must integrate diverse modalities. How good are FMs at performing joint reasoning, simultaneously reasoning over multiple modalities, especially when the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chen Henry Wu , Neil Kale , Aditi Raghunathan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

While large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in math and logic reasoning, their ability to handle combinatorial optimization (CO) -- searching high-dimensional solution spaces under hard constraints -- remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Xia Jiang , Jing Chen , Cong Zhang , Jie Gao , Chengpeng Hu , Chenhao Zhang , Yaoxin Wu , Yingqian Zhang

Recent work has documented striking heterogeneity in the performance of state-of-the-art vision language models (VLMs), including both multimodal language models and text-to-image models. These models are able to describe and generate a…

We propose a new benchmark evaluating the performance of multimodal large language models on rebus puzzles. The dataset covers 333 original examples of image-based wordplay, cluing 13 categories such as movies, composers, major cities, and…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) significantly undermine their reliability, motivating researchers to explore the causes of hallucination. However, most studies primarily focus on the language aspect rather than the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhangqi Jiang , Junkai Chen , Beier Zhu , Tingjin Luo , Yankun Shen , Xu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable fluency across linguistic and reasoning tasks but remain systematically prone to hallucination. Prevailing accounts attribute hallucinations to data gaps, limited context, or optimization…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Richard Ackermann , Simeon Emanuilov

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and describing visual content, achieving state-of-the-art performance across various vision-language tasks. However, these models often generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Kazi Hasan Ibn Arif , Sajib Acharjee Dip , Khizar Hussain , Lang Zhang , Chris Thomas

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks, particularly when prompted to generate intermediate explanations. However, it remains an open question whether these intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Moritz Miller , Kumar Shridhar

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have incentivized models to ``think with images'' by actively invoking visual tools during multi-turn reasoning. The common Reinforcement Learning (RL) practice of relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wenhao Yang , Yu Xia , Jinlong Huang , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yuchen Zhou , Xiaobo Xia , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multimodal comprehension and reasoning capabilities, but they still suffer from severe object hallucination. Previous studies primarily attribute the flaw to linguistic prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haohan Zheng , Zhenguo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various natural language processing tasks. However, they occasionally generate inaccurate and counterfactual outputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Dingwei Chen , Feiteng Fang , Shiwen Ni , Feng Liang , Xiping Hu , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang , Chengming Li

Humans construct internal world models and reason by manipulating the concepts within these models. Recent advances in AI, particularly chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, approximate such human cognitive abilities, where world models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jialong Wu , Xiaoying Zhang , Hongyi Yuan , Xiangcheng Zhang , Tianhao Huang , Changjing He , Chaoyi Deng , Renrui Zhang , Youbin Wu , Mingsheng Long