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Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

Current multimodal models often suffer from shallow reasoning, leading to errors caused by incomplete or inconsistent thought processes. To address this limitation, we propose Self-Verification and Self-Rectification (SVSR), a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhe Qian , Nianbing Su , Zhonghua Wang , Hebei Li , Zhongxing Xu , Yueying Li , Fei Luo , Zhuohan Ouyang , Yanbiao Ma

Proof autoformalization, the task of translating natural language theorems and proofs into machine-verifiable code, is a critical step for integrating large language models into rigorous mathematical workflows. Current approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rafael Cabral , Tuan Manh Do , Xuejun Yu , Wai Ming Tai , Zijin Feng , Xin Shen

Text-to-image generative models excel in creating images from text but struggle with ensuring alignment and consistency between outputs and prompts. This paper introduces TextMatch, a novel framework that leverages multimodal optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yucong Luo , Mingyue Cheng , Jie Ouyang , Xiaoyu Tao , Qi Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown increasing competence in solving mathematical reasoning problems. However, many open-source LLMs still struggle with errors in calculation and semantic understanding during intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vernon Y. H. Toh , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria

We present StepFun-Prover Preview, a large language model designed for formal theorem proving through tool-integrated reasoning. Using a reinforcement learning pipeline that incorporates tool-based interactions, StepFun-Prover can achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shijie Shang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Yutong Wu , Xiong-hui Chen , Jie Yan , Xiangyu Zhang

Understanding the contents of multimodal documents is essential to accurately extract relevant evidence and use it for reasoning. Existing document understanding models tend to generate answers with a single word or phrase directly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jinxu Zhang

Aligning Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) requires reliable reward models, yet existing single-step evaluators can suffer from lazy judging, exploiting language priors over fine-grained visual verification. While rubric-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Zhenwen Liang , Yucheng Shi , Tong Zheng , Runpeng Dai , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Leoweiliang

Automated data visualization plays a crucial role in simplifying data interpretation, enhancing decision-making, and improving efficiency. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating visualizations from natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mizanur Rahman , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Shafiq Joty , Enamul Hoque

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) for mathematical reasoning have largely focused on tasks with easily verifiable final answers while generating and verifying natural language math proofs remains an open challenge. We identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenjie Ma , Andrei Cojocaru , Neel Kolhe , Bradley Louie , Robin Said Sharif , Haihan Zhang , Vincent Zhuang , Matei Zaharia , Sewon Min

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to translate the technical outputs of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods into accessible natural-language explanations. However, existing approaches often lack guarantees of…

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from high inference latency due to the auto-regressive decoding process. Speculative decoding accelerates inference by generating multiple draft tokens using a lightweight model and verifying them in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Shiyu ji , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of text generators. With the potential for misuse escalating, the importance of discerning whether texts are human-authored or generated by…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Travis Munyer , Abdullah Tanvir , Arjon Das , Xin Zhong

This paper introduces TrueGradeAI, an AI-driven digital examination framework designed to overcome the shortcomings of traditional paper-based assessments, including excessive paper usage, logistical complexity, grading delays, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Rakesh Thakur , Shivaansh Kaushik , Gauri Chopra , Harsh Rohilla

Verifiers are auxiliary models that assess the correctness of outputs generated by base large language models (LLMs). They play a crucial role in many strategies for solving reasoning-intensive problems with LLMs. Typically, verifiers are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bartosz Piotrowski , Witold Drzewakowski , Konrad Staniszewski , Piotr Miłoś

Visual outcomes are increasingly central to multimodal large language models, making reliable and fine-grained verification essential for scaling generalist foundation models. In this work, we investigate multimodal meta-verification, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xinchen Zhang , Bowei Liu , Jiale Liu , Chufan Shi , Yizhen Zhang , Junhong Liu , Youliang Zhang , Zhiheng Li , Yujiu Yang , Ling Yang

In this work, we propose a novel method named \textbf{Auto}mated \textbf{P}rocess-\textbf{S}upervised \textbf{V}erifier (\textbf{\textsc{AutoPSV}}) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jianqiao Lu , Zhiyang Dou , Hongru Wang , Zeyu Cao , Jianbo Dai , Yingjia Wan , Zhijiang Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications requiring reliable reasoning, yet their internal reasoning processes remain difficult to evaluate systematically. Existing methods focus on final-answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shaima Ahmad Freja , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Betul Yurdem , Chunming Rong

Training large language models (LLMs) at scale requires parallel execution across thousands of devices, incurring enormous computational costs. Yet, these costly distributed trainings are rarely verified, leaving them prone to silent errors…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yunchi Lu , Youshan Miao , Cheng Tan , Peng Huang , Yi Zhu , Xian Zhang , Fan Yang