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There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

The field of "explainable artificial intelligence" (XAI) seemingly addresses the desire that decisions of machine learning systems should be human-understandable. However, in its current state, XAI itself needs scrutiny. Popular methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Stefan Haufe , Rick Wilming , Benedict Clark , Rustam Zhumagambetov , Ahcène Boubekki , Jörg Martin , Danny Panknin

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

Artificial intelligence models encounter significant challenges due to their black-box nature, particularly in safety-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Mersha , Khang Lam , Joseph Wood , Ali AlShami , Jugal Kalita

Research in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making is experiencing tremendous growth with a constantly rising number of studies evaluating the effect of AI with and without techniques from the field of explainable AI (XAI) on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Max Schemmer , Patrick Hemmer , Maximilian Nitsche , Niklas Kühl , Michael Vössing

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research field bringing transparency to highly complex and opaque machine learning (ML) models. Despite the development of a multitude of methods to explain the decisions of black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Leander Weber , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques are frequently required by users in many AI systems with the goal of understanding complex models, their associated predictions, and gaining trust. While suitable for some specific tasks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Savio Rozario , George Čevora

There is broad agreement that Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those using Machine Learning (ML), should be able to "explain" their behavior. Unfortunately, there is little agreement as to what constitutes an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Leilani H. Gilpin , Andrew R. Paley , Mohammed A. Alam , Sarah Spurlock , Kristian J. Hammond

With Artificial Intelligence (AI) becoming ubiquitous in every application domain, the need for explanations is paramount to enhance transparency and trust among non-technical users. Despite the potential shown by Explainable AI (XAI) for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Aditya Bhattacharya

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based decision-making, explanations help increase new technology adoption through enhanced trust and reliability. However, our experimental study challenges the notion that every user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sabid Bin Habib Pias , Alicia Freel , Timothy Trammel , Taslima Akter , Donald Williamson , Apu Kapadia

In recent years, Explainable AI (xAI) attracted a lot of attention as various countries turned explanations into a legal right. xAI allows for improving models beyond the accuracy metric by, e.g., debugging the learned pattern and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Mohamed Karim Belaid , Eyke Hüllermeier , Maximilian Rabus , Ralf Krestel

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques aim to provide insights into predictive models and enhance user performance, yet they often fall short of these expectations. Conversational XAI assistants promise to overcome such limitations, but empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sven Kruschel , Julian Rosenberger , Lasse Bohlen , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech

The increasing complexity of AI systems has led to the growth of the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which aims to provide explanations and justifications for the outputs of AI algorithms. While there is considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Maryam Hashemi , Ali Darejeh , Francisco Cruz

Explainable AI (XAI) methods are commonly evaluated with functional metrics such as correctness, which computationally estimate how accurately an explanation reflects the model's reasoning. Higher correctness is assumed to produce better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Gregor Baer , Chao Zhang , Isel Grau , Pieter Van Gorp

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has re-emerged in response to the development of modern AI and ML systems. These systems are complex and sometimes biased, but they nevertheless make decisions that impact our lives. XAI systems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Shane T. Mueller , Elizabeth S. Veinott , Robert R. Hoffman , Gary Klein , Lamia Alam , Tauseef Mamun , William J. Clancey

EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to help users to grasp the reasoning behind the predictions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. Many XAI approaches have emerged in recent years. Consequently, a subfield related to the…

We consider the problem of providing users of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) based systems with a better understanding of when their output can be trusted. We offer an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework that provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jeff Druce , Michael Harradon , James Tittle

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly complex, making it difficult for users to understand how the AI has derived its prediction. Using explainable AI (XAI)-methods, researchers aim to explain AI decisions to users. So far,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Lara Riefle , Patrick Hemmer , Carina Benz , Michael Vössing , Jannik Pries

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the decision-making process of AI models, allowing users to understand their results beyond their decisions. A significant goal of XAI is to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Andrea Apicella , Luca Di Lorenzo , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete
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