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Traditional benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) typically rely on static evaluations through storytelling or opinion expression, which fail to capture the dynamic requirements of real-time information processing in contemporary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jingyao Li , Hao Sun , Zile Qiao , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Hong Xu , Jiaya Jia

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as conversational assistants in open-domain, multi-turn settings, where users often provide incomplete or ambiguous information. However, existing LLM-focused clarification benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Sichun Luo , Yi Huang , Mukai Li , Shichang Meng , Fengyuan Liu , Zefa Hu , Junlan Feng , Qi Liu

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly applied to complex strategic environments that demand long-horizon reasoning, multi-agent interaction, and decision-making under uncertainty. However, common existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenjie Tang , Yuan Zhou , Erqiang Xu , Keyan Cheng , Minne Li , Liquan Xiao

As the range of applications for Large Language Models (LLMs) continues to grow, the demand for effective serving solutions becomes increasingly critical. Despite the versatility of LLMs, no single model can optimally address all tasks and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving and impacting various fields, necessitating the development of effective methods to evaluate and compare their performance. Most current approaches for performance evaluation are either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Behrad Moniri , Hamed Hassani , Edgar Dobriban

Advanced Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in K-12 reasoning tasks, exhibiting great promise as intelligent tutors. Realizing this potential requires models to navigate real-world examinations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiaohan Wang , Mingze Yin , Yilin Zhao , Gang Liu , Dian Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents in enterprise environments, ensuring their strict adherence to complex, domain-specific operational guidelines is critical. While utilizing an LLM-as-a-Judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jingbo Yang , Guanyu Yao , Bairu Hou , Xinghan Yang , Nikolai Glushnev , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Duo Ding , Shiyu Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made progress in various real-world tasks, which stimulates requirements for the evaluation of LLMs. Existing LLM evaluation methods are mainly supervised signal-based which depends on static datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Jiatong Li , Rui Li , Qi Liu

Evaluating cross-lingual knowledge transfer in large language models is challenging, as correct answers in a target language may arise either from genuine transfer or from prior exposure during pre-training. We present LiveCLKTBench, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Chun-Chia Hsu , Kai-Xin Chen , Ya-An Tsai , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng , Mi-Yen Yeh , Shou-De Lin

Significant progress has been made in automated problem-solving using societies of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). In finance, efforts have largely focused on single-agent systems handling specific tasks or multi-agent…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-04 Yijia Xiao , Edward Sun , Di Luo , Wei Wang

Negotiation is a central mechanism of economic exchange, shaping markets, procurement, labor agreements, and resource allocation. It is also a canonical testbed for agentic language models, requiring multi-turn interaction under hidden…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Erica Zhang , Fangzhao Zhang , Aneesh Pappu , Batu El , Jose Blanchet , Susan Athey , Jiashuo Liu , James Zou

Recent deployments of large language models (LLMs) as autonomous trading agents raise questions about whether financial decision-making competence generalizes beyond specific market patterns and how it should be trained and evaluated in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuchen Pan , Soung Chang Liew

Long-term memory (LTM) is essential for large language models (LLMs) to achieve autonomous intelligence in complex, evolving environments. Despite increasing efforts in memory-augmented and retrieval-based architectures, there remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Luanbo Wan , Weizhi Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed how people interact with artificial intelligence (AI) systems, achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks, including scientific discovery and hypothesis generation. However, the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Sikun Guo , Amir Hassan Shariatmadari , Guangzhi Xiong , Albert Huang , Eric Xie , Stefan Bekiranov , Aidong Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revealed their potential for achieving autonomous agents possessing human-level intelligence. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLM Agents either use static datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Junzhe Chen , Xuming Hu , Shuodi Liu , Shiyu Huang , Wei-Wei Tu , Zhaofeng He , Lijie Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in machine learning research agents that can autonomously propose ideas and conduct experiments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly adopt an engineering-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qiran Zou , Hou Hei Lam , Wenhao Zhao , Yiming Tang , Tingting Chen , Samson Yu , Tianyi Zhang , Chang Liu , Xiangyang Ji , Dianbo Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress in perception, understanding, and reasoning, yet existing benchmarks fall short in evaluating these abilities under continuous and dynamic real-world video streams. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Shuhang Xun , Sicheng Tao , Jungang Li , Yibo Shi , Zhixin Lin , Zhanhui Zhu , Yibo Yan , Hanqian Li , Linghao Zhang , Shikang Wang , Yixin Liu , Hanbo Zhang , Ying Ma , Xuming Hu

Despite impressive advances in large language models (LLMs), existing benchmarks often focus on single-turn or single-step tasks, failing to capture the kind of iterative reasoning required in real-world settings. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiran Zhang , Mo Wang , Xiaoyang Li , Kaixuan Ren , Chencheng Zhu , Usman Naseem

Long-context understanding poses significant challenges in natural language processing, particularly for real-world dialogues characterized by speech-based elements, high redundancy, and uneven information density. Although large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yongxuan Wu , Runyu Chen , Peiyu Liu , Hongjin Qian