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Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing tasks, revolutionizing the field with their ability to understand and generate human-like text. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Nikoletta Koilia , Christoforos Kachris

Optimizing numerical systems and mechanism design is crucial for enhancing player experience in Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) games. Traditional optimization approaches rely on large-scale online experiments or parameter tuning over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ran Zhang , Kun Ouyang , Tiancheng Ma , Yida Yang , Dong Fang

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results but face challenges from increasing model sizes and computational costs. Structured pruning reduces model size and speeds up inference but often causes uneven degradation across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Jing Li , Min Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Training Large Language Models(LLMs) is one of the most compute-intensive tasks in high-performance computing. Predicting end-to-end training time for multi-billion parameter models distributed across hundreds of GPUs remains challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Biyao Zhang , Mingkai Zheng , Debargha Ganguly , Xuecen Zhang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhao Zhang

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with limited hardware presents challenges due to GPU memory constraints. Various distributed fine-tuning methods have been proposed to alleviate memory constraints on GPU. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Taeho Kim , Yanming Wang , Vatshank Chaturvedi , Lokesh Gupta , Seyeon Kim , Yongin Kwon , Sangtae Ha

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been a driving force in transforming various domains, reshaping the artificial general intelligence landscape. However, the increasing computational and memory demands of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Tianyu Ding , Tianyi Chen , Haidong Zhu , Jiachen Jiang , Yiqi Zhong , Jinxin Zhou , Guangzhi Wang , Zhihui Zhu , Ilya Zharkov , Luming Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, yet their enormous computational demands severely limit deployment and real-time performance. Quantization methods can help reduce computational costs, however, attaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are still struggling in aligning with human preference in complex tasks and scenarios. They are prone to overfit into the unexpected patterns or superficial styles in the training data. We conduct an empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jingyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) remains an underexplored area, despite their remarkable advancements in other domains. In this paper, we present BlenderLLM, a novel framework for training LLMs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuhao Du , Shunian Chen , Wenbo Zan , Peizhao Li , Mingxuan Wang , Dingjie Song , Bo Li , Yan Hu , Benyou Wang

Multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOP) frequently arise in practical applications that require the simultaneous optimization of conflicting objectives. Although traditional evolutionary algorithms can be effective, they…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Minh Hieu Ha , Hung Phan , Tung Duy Doan , Tung Dao , Dao Tran , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

The efficiency of GPU kernels is central to the progress of modern AI, yet optimizing them remains a difficult and labor-intensive task due to complex interactions between memory hierarchies, thread scheduling, and hardware-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Juncheng Dong , Yang Yang , Tao Liu , Yang Wang , Feng Qi , Vahid Tarokh , Kaushik Rangadurai , Shuang Yang

The rapid advancement toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks has significantly intensified the complexity and scale of optimization problems, including resource allocation and trajectory design, often formulated as combinatorial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Bisheng Wei , Ruihong Jiang , Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato , Yaohua Sun , Yang Lu , Yonghui Li , Shiwen Mao , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Mugen Peng

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Human preference alignment is essential to improve the interaction quality of large language models (LLMs). Existing alignment methods depend on manually annotated preference data to guide the LLM optimization directions. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengyu Cheng , Yifan Yang , Jian Li , Yong Dai , Tianhao Hu , Peixin Cao , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li

Congestion control is a fundamental component of Internet infrastructure, and researchers have dedicated considerable effort to developing improved congestion control algorithms. However, despite extensive study, existing algorithms…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Zhiyuan He , Aashish Gottipati , Lili Qiu , Yuqing Yang , Francis Y. Yan

Performance modeling, a pivotal domain in program cost analysis, currently relies on manually crafted models constrained by various program and hardware limitations, especially in the intricate landscape of GPGPU. Meanwhile, Large Language…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Khoi N. M. Nguyen , Hoang Duy Nguyen Do , Huyen Thao Le , Thanh Tuan Dao

Large Language Model (LLM)-based optimization has recently shown promise for autonomous problem solving, yet most approaches still cast LLMs as passive constraint checkers rather than proactive strategy designers, limiting their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Beidan Liu , Zhengqiu Zhu , Chen Gao , Tianle Pu , Yong Zhao , Wei Qi , Quanjun Yin

Achieving robust networks is a challenging problem due to its NP-hard nature and complex solution space. Current methods, from handcrafted feature extraction to deep learning, have made progress but remain rigid, requiring manual design and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 He Yu , Jing Liu

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs, revolutionizing the natural language processing domain and beyond. Due to immense parameter sizes, fine-tuning these models with private data for diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zheng Lin , Yuxin Zhang , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Xianhao Chen , Praneeth Vepakomma , Wei Ni , Jun Luo , Yue Gao

Recently, there has been a surging interest in using large language models (LLMs) for Verilog code generation. However, the existing approaches are limited in terms of the quality of the generated Verilog code. To address such limitations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bardia Nadimi , Hao Zheng