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To face the higher levels of radiation due to the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity during the High-Luminosity LHC, the CMS detector will replace the current Calorimeter Endcap (CE) using the High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL)…

In this work we propose the application of an enhanced radiation damage model based on the introduction of deep level traps / recombination centers suitable for device level numerical simulation of silicon detectors at very high fluences…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-12-07 Daniele Passeri , Francesco Moscatelli , Arianna Morozzi , GianMario Bilei

The high luminosity upgrade of the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities, such as the observation of rare processes and precision measurements. However, the accompanying harsh radiation environment will also pose unprecedented…

The understanding of the weighting field of irradiated silicon sensors is essential for calculating the response of silicon detectors in the radiation environment at accelerators like at the CERN LHC. Using 1-D calculations of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-09-04 Joern Schwandt , Robert Klanner

Hybrid silicon pixel detectors are currently used in the innermost tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. Radiation tolerance up to fluences expected for a few years of running of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-10-07 Gemma Tinti

For the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), at the expected position of the innermost pixel detector layer of the CMS and ATLAS experiments, the estimated equivalent neutron fluence after 3000 fb$^{-1}$ is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-04-24 Joern Schwandt , Eckhart Fretwurst , Erika Garutti , Robert Klanner , Christian Scharf , Georg Steinbrueck

To face the higher levels of radiation due to the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity during the High-Luminosity LHC, the CMS detector will replace the current Calorimeter Endcap (CE) using the High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL)…

Silicon Photomultipliers with cell-pitch ranging from 12 $\mu$m to 20 $\mu$m were tested against neutron irradiation at moderate fluences to study their performance for calorimetric applications. The photosensors were developed by FBK…

To increase the scientific output of particle physics experiments, upgrades are underway at all major accelerator facilities to significantly improve the luminosity. Consequently, the solid-state detectors used in the experiments will…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-07-25 Jürgen Burin , Christopher Hahn , Philipp Gaggl , Andreas Gsponer , Simon Waid , Thomas Bergauer

Non-ionizing energy loss causes bulk damage to the silicon sensors of the ATLAS pixel and strip detectors. This damage has important implications for data-taking operations, charged-particle track reconstruction, detector simulations, and…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-08-19 ATLAS Collaboration

Detectors proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) incorporate a tungsten sampling calorimeter (`BeamCal') intended to reconstruct showers of electrons, positrons and photons that emerge from the interaction point of the…

The degradation of signal in silicon sensors is studied under conditions expected at the CERN High-Luminosity LHC. 200 $\mu$m thick n-type silicon sensors are irradiated with protons of different energies to fluences of up to $3 \cdot…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-17 W. Adam , T. Bergauer , M. Dragicevic , M. Friedl , R. Fruehwirth , M. Hoch , J. Hrubec , M. Krammer , W. Treberspurg , W. Waltenberger , S. Alderweireldt , W. Beaumont , X. Janssen , S. Luyckx , P. Van Mechelen , N. Van Remortel , A. Van Spilbeeck , P. Barria , C. Caillol , B. Clerbaux , G. De Lentdecker , D. Dobur , L. Favart , A. Grebenyuk , Th. Lenzi , A. Léonard , Th. Maerschalk , A. Mohammadi , L. Perniè , A. Randle-Conde , T. Reis , T. Seva , L. Thomas , C. Vander Velde , P. Vanlaer , J. Wang , F. Zenoni , S. Abu Zeid , F. Blekman , I. De Bruyn , J. D'Hondt , N. Daci , K. Deroover , N. Heracleous , J. Keaveney , S. Lowette , L. Moreels , A. Olbrechts , Q. Python , S. Tavernier , P. Van Mulders , G. Van Onsem , I. Van Parijs , D. A. Strom , A. Caudron , L. Ceard , B. De Callatay , C. Delaere , T. Du Pree , L. Forthomme , A. Giammanco , J. Hollar , P. Jez , D. Michotte , C. Nuttens , L. Perrini , D. Pagano , L. Quertenmont , M. Selvaggi , M. Vidal Marono , N. Beliy , T. Caebergs , E. Daubie , G. H. Hammad , J. Härkönen , T. Lampén , P. -R. Luukka , T. Mäenpää , T. Peltola , E. Tuominen , E. Tuovinen , P. Eerola , T. Tuuva , G. Beaulieu , G. Boudoul , C. Combaret , D. Contardo , G. Gallbit , N. Lumb , H. Mathez , L. Mirabito , S. Perries , D. Sabes , M. Vander Donckt , P. Verdier , S. Viret , Y. Zoccarato , J. -L. Agram , E. Conte , J. -Ch. Fontaine , J. Andrea , D. Bloch , C. Bonnin , J. -M. Brom , E. Chabert , L. Charles , Ch. Goetzmann , L. Gross , J. Hosselet , C. Mathieu , M. Richer , K. Skovpen , C. Autermann , M. Edelhoff , H. Esser , L. Feld , W. Karpinski , K. Klein , M. Lipinski , A. Ostapchuk , G. Pierschel , M. Preuten , F. Raupach , J. Sammet , S. Schael , G. Schwering , B. Wittmer , M. Wlochal , V. Zhukov , C. Pistone , G. Fluegge , A. Kuensken , M. Geisler , O. Pooth , A. Stahl , N. Bartosik , J. Behr , A. Burgmeier , L. Calligaris , G. Dolinska , G. Eckerlin , D. Eckstein , T. Eichhorn , G. Fluke , J. Garay Garcia , A. Gizhko , K. Hansen , A. Harb , J. Hauk , A. Kalogeropoulos , C. Kleinwort , I. Korol , W. Lange , W. Lohmann , R. Mankel , H. Maser , G. Mittag , C. Muhl , A. Mussgiller , A. Nayak , E. Ntomari , H. Perrey , D. Pitzl , M. Schroeder , C. Seitz , S. Spannagel , A. Zuber , H. Biskop , V. Blobel , P. Buhmann , M. Centis-Vignali , A. -R. Draeger , J. Erfle , E. Garutti , J. Haller , M. Hoffmann , A. Junkes , T. Lapsien , S. Mättig , M. Matysek , A. Perieanu , J. Poehlsen , T. Poehlsen , Ch. Scharf , P. Schleper , A. Schmidt , V. Sola , G. Steinbrück , J. Wellhausen , T. Barvich , Ch. Barth , F. Boegelspacher , W. De Boer , E. Butz , M. Casele , F. Colombo , A. Dierlamm , R. Eber , B. Freund , F. Hartmann , Th. Hauth , S. Heindl , K. -H. Hoffmann , U. Husemann , A. Kornmeyer , S. Mallows , Th. Muller , A. Nuernberg , M. Printz , H. J. Simonis , P. Steck , M. Weber , Th. Weiler , A. Bhardwaj , A. Kumar , A. Kumar , K. Ranjan , H. Bakhshiansohl , H. Behnamian , M. Khakzad , M. Naseri , P. Cariola , G. De Robertis , L. Fiore , M. Franco , F. Loddo , G. Sala , L. Silvestris , D. Creanza , M. De Palma , G. Maggi , S. My , G. Selvaggi , S. Albergo , G. Cappello , M. Chiorboli , S. Costa , F. Giordano , A. Di Mattia , R. Potenza , M. A. Saizu , A. Tricomi , C. Tuvè , G. Barbagli , M. Brianzi , R. Ciaranfi , C. Civinini , E. Gallo , M. Meschini , S. Paoletti , G. Sguazzoni , V. Ciulli , R. D'Alessandro , S. Gonzi , V. Gori , E. Focardi , P. Lenzi , E. Scarlini , A. Tropiano , L. Viliani , F. Ferro , E. Robutti , M. Lo Vetere , S. Gennai , S. Malvezzi , D. Menasce , L. Moroni , D. Pedrini , M. Dinardo , S. Fiorendi , R. A. Manzoni , P. Azzi , N. Bacchetta , D. Bisello , M. Dall'Osso , T. Dorigo , P. Giubilato , N. Pozzobon , M. Tosi , A. Zucchetta , F. De Canio , L. Gaioni , M. Manghisoni , B. Nodari , V. Re , G. Traversi , D. Comotti , L. Ratti , G. M. Bilei , L. Bissi , B. Checcucci , D. Magalotti , M. Menichelli , A. Saha , L. Servoli , L. Storchi , M. Biasini , E. Conti , D. Ciangottini , L. Fanò , P. Lariccia , G. Mantovani , D. Passeri , P. Placidi , M. Salvatore , A. Santocchia , L. A. Solestizi , A. Spiezia , K. Androsov , P. Azzurri , S. Arezzini , G. Bagliesi , A. Basti , T. Boccali , F. Bosi , R. Castaldi , A. Ciampa , M. A. Cioccid , R. Dell'Orso , G. Fedi , A. Giassi , M. T. Grippod , T. Lomtadze , G. Magazzu , E. Mazzoni , M. Minuti , A. Moggi , C. S. Moond , F. Morsani , F. Palla , F. Palmonari , F. Raffaelli , A. Savoy-Navarro , A. T. Serban , P. Spagnolo , R. Tenchini , A. Venturi , P. G. Verdini , L. Martini , A. Messineo , A. Rizzi , G. Tonelli , F. Calzolari , S. Donato , F. Fiori , F. Ligabue , C. Vernieri , N. Demaria , A. Rivetti , R. Bellan , S. Casasso , M. Costa , R. Covarelli , E. Migliore , E. Monteil , M. Musich , L. Pacher , F. Ravera , A. Romero , A. Solano , P. Trapani , R. Jaramillo Echeverria , M. Fernandez , G. Gomez , D. Moya , F. J. Gonzalez Sanchez , F. J. Munoz Sanchez , I. Vila , A. L. Virto , D. Abbaneo , I. Ahmed , E. Albert , G. Auzinger , G. Berruti , G. Bianchi , G. Blanchot , H. Breuker , D. Ceresa , J. Christiansen , K. Cichy , J. Daguin , M. D'Alfonso , A. D'Auria , S. Detraz , S. De Visscher , D. Deyrail , F. Faccio , D. Felici , N. Frank , K. Gill , D. Giordano , P. Harris , A. Honma , J. Kaplon , A. Kornmayer , L. Kottelat , M. Kovacs , M. Mannelli , A. Marchioro , S. Marconi , S. Martina , S. Mersi , S. Michelis , M. Moll , A. Onnela , T. Pakulski , S. Pavis , A. Peisert , J. -F. Pernot , P. Petagna , G. Petrucciani , H. Postema , P. Rose , M. Rzonca , M. Stoye , P. Tropea , J. Troska , A. Tsirou , F. Vasey , P. Vichoudis , B. Verlaat , L. Zwalinski , F. Bachmair , R. Becker , L. Bäni , D. di Calafiori , B. Casal , L. Djambazov , M. Donega , M. Dünser , P. Eller , C. Grab , D. Hits , U. Horisberger , J. Hoss , G. Kasieczka , W. Lustermann , B. Mangano , M. Marionneau , P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol , M. Masciovecchio , L. Perrozzi , U. Roeser , M. Rossini , A. Starodumov , M. Takahashi , R. Wallny , C. Amsler , K. Bösiger , L. Caminada , F. Canelli , V. Chiochia , A. de Cosa , C. Galloni , T. Hreus , B. Kilminster , C. Lange , R. Maier , J. Ngadiuba , D. Pinna , P. Robmann , S. Taroni , Y. Yang , W. Bertl , K. Deiters , W. Erdmann , R. Horisberger , H. -C. Kaestli , D. Kotlinski , U. Langenegger , B. Meier , T. Rohe , S. Streuli , P. -H. Chen , C. Dietz , U. Grundler , W. -S. Hou , R. -S. Lu , M. Moya , R. Wilken , D. Cussans , H. Flacher , J. Goldstein , M. Grimes , J. Jacob , S. Seif El Nasr-Storey , J. Cole , P. Hobson , D. Leggat , I. D. Reid , L. Teodorescu , R. Bainbridge , P. Dauncey , J. Fulcher , G. Hall , A. -M. Magnan , M. Pesaresi , D. M. Raymond , K. Uchida , J. A. Coughlan , K. Harder , J. Ilic , I. R. Tomalin , A. Garabedian , U. Heintz , M. Narain , J. Nelson , S. Sagir , T. Speer , J. Swanson , D. Tersegno , J. Watson-Daniels , M. Chertok , J. Conway , R. Conway , C. Flores , R. Lander , D. Pellett , F. 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Bubna , N. Hinton , M. Jones , D. H. Miller , X. Shi , P. Tan , P. Baringer , A. Bean , G. Benelli , J. Gray , D. Majumder , D. Noonan , S. Sanders , R. Stringer , A. Ivanov , M. Makouski , N. Skhirtladze , R. Taylor , I. Anderson , D. Fehling , A. Gritsan , P. Maksimovic , C. Martin , K. Nash , M. Osherson , M. Swartz , M. Xiao , J. G. Acosta , L. M. Cremaldi , S. Oliveros , L. Perera , D. Summers , K. Bloom , S. Bose , D. R. Claes , A. Dominguez , C. Fangmeier , R. Gonzalez Suarez , F. Meier , J. Monroy , K. Hahn , S. Sevova , K. Sung , M. Trovato , E. Bartz , D. Duggan , E. Halkiadakis , A. Lath , M. Park , S. Schnetzer , R. Stone , M. Walker , S. Malik , H. Mendez , J. E. Ramirez Vargas , M. Alyari , J. Dolen , J. George , A. Godshalk , I. Iashvili , J. Kaisen , A. Kharchilava , A. Kumar , S. Rappoccio , J. Alexander , J. Chaves , J. Chu , S. Dittmer , G. Kaufman , N. Mirman , A. Ryd , E. Salvati , L. Skinnari , J. Thom , J. Thompson , J. Tucker , L. Winstrom , B. Akgün , K. M. Ecklund , T. Nussbaum , J. Zabel , B. Betchart , R. Covarelli , R. Demina , O. Hindrichs , G. Petrillo , R. Eusebi , I. Osipenkov , A. Perloff , K. A. Ulmer , A. G. Delannoy , P. D'Angelo , W. Johns

Pixel detectors are used in the innermost part of the multi purpose experiments at LHC and are therefore exposed to the highest fluences of ionising radiation, which in this part of the detectors consists mainly of charged pions. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-11-30 T. Rohe , A. Bean , W. Erdmann , H. -C. Kaestli , S. Khalatyan , B. Meier , V. Radicci , J. Sibille

An in-situ study of Hall sensors based on single-layered graphene in neutron fluxes of a nuclear reactor to the fluence of 1.5e20 n/sq,m was conducted. The sensitivity of the sensors to the magnetic field remained stable throughout the…

As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS collaboration is replacing its existing endcap calorimeters with a high-granularity calorimeter (CE). The new calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-30 CMS HGCAL Collaboration

The HL-LHC will challenge the detectors with a nearly 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity compared to the previous LHC runs combined, thus the CMS detector will be upgraded to face the higher levels of radiation and the larger amounts…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-10 CMS HGCAL collaboration

The breakdown voltage of silicon sensors is known to be affected by the ambient humidity. To understand the sensor's humidity sensitivity, Synopsys TCAD was used to simulate n-in-p sensors for different effective relative humidities. Photon…

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band gap semiconductor and an attractive candidate for applications in harsh environments such as space, fusion, or future high luminosity colliders. Due to the large band gap, the leakage currents in SiC…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-04 Andreas Gsponer , Philipp Gaggl , Jürgen Maier , Richard Thalmeier , Simon Emanuel Waid , Thomas Bergauer

In the present paper, the phenomenological model developed by the authors in previous papers has been used to evaluate the degradation induced by hadron irradiation at the future accelerator facilities or by cosmic protons in high…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 I. Lazanu , S. Lazanu

The presented study investigates the effects of low fluences from $5\times10^{12}$ up to $1\times10^{14}$ particles/cm$^{2}$ of 60MeV proton and neutron irradiation on n-type Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (nLGADs). An nLGAD is a silicon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-11 Veronika Kraus , Marcos Fernandez Garcia , Salvador Hidalgo , Michael Moll , Jairo Villegas
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