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Recently, Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) algorithm has shown state-of-the-art generalization abilities in vision tasks. It demonstrates that flat minima tend to imply better generalization abilities. However, it has some difficulty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zhiyuan Zhang , Ruixuan Luo , Qi Su , Xu Sun

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has substantially improved the generalization of neural networks under various settings. Despite the success, its effectiveness remains poorly understood. In this work, we discover an intriguing phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhanpeng Zhou , Mingze Wang , Yuchen Mao , Bingrui Li , Junchi Yan

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recent training method that relies on worst-case weight perturbations which significantly improves generalization in various settings. We argue that the existing justifications for the success of SAM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Maksym Andriushchenko , Nicolas Flammarion

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recent optimization framework aiming to improve the deep neural network generalization, through obtaining flatter (i.e. less sharp) solutions. As SAM has been numerically successful, recent papers…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-22 Kayhan Behdin , Rahul Mazumder

Recently, flat-minima optimizers, which seek to find parameters in low-loss neighborhoods, have been shown to improve a neural network's generalization performance over stochastic and adaptive gradient-based optimizers. Two methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jean Kaddour , Linqing Liu , Ricardo Silva , Matt J. Kusner

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has emerged as a promising alternative optimizer to stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The originally-proposed motivation behind SAM was to bias neural networks towards flatter minima that are believed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jacob Mitchell Springer , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Aditi Raghunathan

The sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) algorithm and its variants, including gap guided SAM (GSAM), have been successful at improving the generalization capability of deep neural network models by finding flat local minima of the empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Hinata Harada , Hideaki Iiduka

Recently, flat minima are proven to be effective for improving generalization and sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) achieves state-of-the-art performance. Yet the current definition of flatness discussed in SAM and its follow-ups are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Xingxuan Zhang , Renzhe Xu , Han Yu , Hao Zou , Peng Cui

This paper proposes a theoretical framework to evaluate and compare the performance of stochastic gradient algorithms for distributed learning in relation to their behavior around local minima in nonconvex environments. Previous works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ying Cao , Zhaoxian Wu , Kun Yuan , Ali H. Sayed

Understanding the dynamics of optimization in deep learning is increasingly important as models scale. While stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants reliably find solutions that generalize well, the mechanisms driving this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Wei-Kai Chang , Rajiv Khanna

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimizer that takes a descent step based on the gradient at a perturbation $y_t = x_t + \rho \frac{\nabla f(x_t)}{\lVert \nabla f(x_t) \rVert}$ of the current point $x_t$. Existing studies prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Dongkuk Si , Chulhee Yun

Models trained in federated settings often suffer from degraded performances and fail at generalizing, especially when facing heterogeneous scenarios. In this work, we investigate such behavior through the lens of geometry of the loss and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Debora Caldarola , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recently proposed gradient-based optimizer (Foret et al., ICLR 2021) that greatly improves the prediction performance of deep neural networks. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yan Dai , Kwangjun Ahn , Suvrit Sra

Recently, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has attracted much attention because of its surprising effectiveness in improving generalization performance. However, compared to stochastic gradient descent (SGD), it is more prone to getting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Chengli Tan , Jiangshe Zhang , Junmin Liu , Yicheng Wang , Yunda Hao

We study to what extent may stochastic gradient descent (SGD) be understood as a "conventional" learning rule that achieves generalization performance by obtaining a good fit to training data. We consider the fundamental stochastic convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Tomer Koren , Roi Livni , Yishay Mansour , Uri Sherman

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) enhances generalization by reducing a Max-Sharpness (MaxS). Despite the practical success, we empirically found that the MAxS behind SAM's generalization enhancements face the "Flatness Indicator Problem"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jiaxin Deng , Junbiao Pang , Baochang Zhang , Qingming Huang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is almost ubiquitously used for training non-convex optimization tasks. Recently, a hypothesis proposed by Keskar et al. [2017] that large batch methods tend to converge to sharp minimizers has received…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Xiaowu Dai , Yuhua Zhu

The challenge of overfitting, in which the model memorizes the training data and fails to generalize to test data, has become increasingly significant in the training of large neural networks. To tackle this challenge, Sharpness-Aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zixiang Chen , Junkai Zhang , Yiwen Kou , Xiangning Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Quanquan Gu

Population risk is always of primary interest in machine learning; however, learning algorithms only have access to the empirical risk. Even for applications with nonconvex nonsmooth losses (such as modern deep networks), the population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Chi Jin , Lydia T. Liu , Rong Ge , Michael I. Jordan

The mechanisms by which certain training interventions, such as increasing learning rates and applying batch normalization, improve the generalization of deep networks remains a mystery. Prior works have speculated that "flatter" solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Simran Kaur , Jeremy Cohen , Zachary C. Lipton
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