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Learning on big data brings success for artificial intelligence (AI), but the annotation and training costs are expensive. In future, learning on small data that approximates the generalization ability of big data is one of the ultimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Xiaofeng Cao , Weixin Bu , Shengjun Huang , Minling Zhang , Ivor W. Tsang , Yew Soon Ong , James T. Kwok

Curriculum learning (CL) posits that machine learning models -- similar to humans -- may learn more efficiently from data that match their current learning progress. However, CL methods are still poorly understood and, in particular for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Lucas Weber , Jaap Jumelet , Paul Michel , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning, traditionally requiring high-quality large-scale data and extensive training. Recent works reveal a very appealing Less-Is-More phenomenon where very small, carefully curated high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rapheal Huang , Weilong Guo

Code Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing software engineering. However, scaling laws that guide the efficient training are predominantly analyzed on Natural Language (NL). Given the fundamental differences like strict syntax…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xianzhen Luo , Wenzhen Zheng , Qingfu Zhu , Rongyi Zhang , Houyi Li , Siming Huang , YuanTao Fan , Wanxiang Che

Curriculum learning (CL) aims to improve training by presenting data from "easy" to "hard", yet defining and measuring linguistic difficulty remains an open challenge. We investigate whether human-curated simple language can serve as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Vanessa Toborek , Sebastian Müller , Tim Selbach , Tamás Horváth , Christian Bauckhage

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are currently state-of-the-art for solving the vast majority of natural language processing tasks. While many real-world applications still require fine-tuning to reach satisfactory levels of…

We propose and study a realistic Continual Learning (CL) setting where learning algorithms are granted a restricted computational budget per time step while training. We apply this setting to large-scale semi-supervised Continual Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Wenxuan Zhang , Youssef Mohamed , Bernard Ghanem , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi , Mohamed Elhoseiny

We introduce a scaling law for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) under fixed compute budgets that explicitly accounts for data composition. Conventional approaches measure training data solely by total tokens, yet the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ryan Lagasse , Aidan Kierans , Avijit Ghosh , Shiri Dori-Hacohen

Data mixing--the strategic reweighting of training domains--is a critical component in training robust machine learning models. This problem is naturally formulated as a bilevel optimization task, where the outer loop optimizes domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Rudrajit Das , Neel Patel , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

Large language models (LLMs) still lack delicate controllability over their responses, which is critical to enhancing their performance and the user experience. However, curating supervised fine-tuning (SFT) datasets to improve LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ming Li , Han Chen , Chenguang Wang , Dang Nguyen , Dianqi Li , Tianyi Zhou

Reasoning is an integral part of many tasks performed by language models (LMs). However, the effects of scaling model sizes and data on reasoning abilities at pretraining time remain understudied. To rigorously investigate this problem, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinyi Wang , Shawn Tan , Shenbo Xu , Mingyu Jin , William Yang Wang , Rameswar Panda , Yikang Shen

Managers often believe that collecting more data will continually improve the accuracy of their machine learning models. However, we argue in this paper that when data lose relevance over time, it may be optimal to collect a limited amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Ehsan Valavi , Joel Hestness , Newsha Ardalani , Marco Iansiti

Contextual information is a valuable cue for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to learn better representations and improve accuracy. However, co-occurrence bias in the training dataset may hamper a DNN model's generalizability to unseen scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Sharat Agarwal , Sumanyu Muku , Saket Anand , Chetan Arora

Data-centric AI is at the center of a fundamental shift in software engineering where machine learning becomes the new software, powered by big data and computing infrastructure. Here software engineering needs to be re-thought where data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Steven Euijong Whang , Yuji Roh , Hwanjun Song , Jae-Gil Lee

Continual Learning (CL) aims to sequentially train models on streams of incoming data that vary in distribution by preserving previous knowledge while adapting to new data. Current CL literature focuses on restricted access to previously…

Imbalanced datasets present a significant challenge for machine learning models, often leading to biased predictions. To address this issue, data augmentation techniques are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) to generate new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Gabriel O. Assunção , Rafael Izbicki , Marcos O. Prates

Large reasoning models achieve strong performance through test-time scaling, but this incurs substantial computational overhead due to long decoding from short prompts. While sparse attention can reduce latency and memory usage, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lijie Yang , Zhihao Zhang , Arti Jain , Shijie Cao , Baihong Yuan , Yiwei Chen , Zhihao Jia , Ravi Netravali

Filter level pruning is an effective method to accelerate the inference speed of deep CNN models. Although numerous pruning algorithms have been proposed, there are still two open issues. The first problem is how to prune residual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Jian-Hao Luo , Jianxin Wu

Coresets are small, weighted summaries of larger datasets, aiming at providing provable error bounds for machine learning (ML) tasks while significantly reducing the communication and computation costs. To achieve a better trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Hanlin Lu , Changchang Liu , Shiqiang Wang , Ting He , Vijay Narayanan , Kevin S. Chan , Stephen Pasteris

The quality of underlying training data is very crucial for building performant machine learning models with wider generalizabilty. However, current machine learning (ML) tools lack streamlined processes for improving the data quality. So,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Atindriyo Sanyal , Vikram Chatterji , Nidhi Vyas , Ben Epstein , Nikita Demir , Anthony Corletti