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Large language models are transforming systems research by automating the discovery of performance-critical algorithms for computer systems. Despite plausible codes generated by LLMs, producing solutions that meet the stringent correctness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hongyuan Su , Yu Zheng , Yong Li

Across large language model (LLM) applications, we observe an emerging trend for reusing KV caches to save the prefill delays of processing repeated input texts in different LLM inputs. This has led to a broad design space, including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

Many-Shot In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a promising paradigm, leveraging extensive examples to unlock the reasoning potential of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods typically rely on a predetermined, fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shiyao Guo , Yuang Li , Ruiqi Wu , Zhaokun Wang , Wenyi Li , Wenhong Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper…

Large language models face challenges in long-context question answering, where key evidence of a query may be dispersed across millions of tokens. Existing works equip large language models with a memory buffer that is dynamically updated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Siyuan Wang , Sihang Li , Hengxing Cai , Qi Gu , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the challenge of handling long-context tasks, where models need to reason over extensive input contexts to aggregate target information. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Dawei Zhu , Xiyu Wei , Guangxiang Zhao , Wenhao Wu , Haosheng Zou , Junfeng Ran , Xun Wang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

While chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enables LLMs to solve challenging reasoning tasks, the linear growth of the KV cache leads to substantial memory and inference overhead. Existing approaches such as context compression and multi-token…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinyu Liu , Xin Liu , Bo Jin , Runsong Zhao , Pengcheng Huang , Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Chunyang Xiao , Chenglong Wang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyuan Hu , Yuliang Liu , Jinman Zhao , Suyuchen Wang , Yan Wang , Wei Shen , Qing Gu , Anh Tuan Luu , See-Kiong Ng , Zhiwei Jiang , Bryan Hooi

Long-context LLMs have enabled numerous downstream applications but also introduced significant challenges related to computational and memory efficiency. To address these challenges, optimizations for long-context inference have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yucheng Li , Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Surin Ahn , Chengruidong Zhang , Amir H. Abdi , Dongsheng Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Most existing large language models (LLMs) are expensive to adapt after deployment, especially when a task requires newly produced information or niche domain knowledge. Recent work has shown that, by manipulating and optimizing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zeyu Huang , Adhiguna Kuncoro , Qixuan Feng , Jiajun Shen , Lucio Dery , Arthur Szlam , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Reasoning over long contexts is essential for large language models. While reinforcement learning (RL) enhances short-context reasoning by inducing "Aha" moments in chain-of-thought, the advanced thinking patterns required for long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Siyuan Wang , Gaokai Zhang , Li Lyna Zhang , Ning Shang , Fan Yang , Dongyao Chen , Mao Yang

Long-horizon search agents must manage a rapidly growing working context as they reason, call tools, and observe information. Naively accumulating all intermediate content can overwhelm the agent, increasing costs and the risk of errors. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yijun Lu , Rui Ye , Yuwen Du , Jiajun Wang , Songhua Liu , Siheng Chen

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

In long-context question answering, selecting the appropriate scope of context for a query remains a key and unresolved challenge. Insufficient context can lead to missing essential information, whereas excessive context often introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Siyuan Zhu , Chengdong Xu , Kaiqiang Ke , Chao Yu

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on long-context processing, but expanding context windows introduces substantial computational and financial costs. Existing context reduction approaches, including retrieval and memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Binqi Shen , Lier Jin , Hanyu Cai , Lan Hu , Yuting Xin

Training and serving long-context large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial overhead. To address this, two critical steps are often required: a pretrained LLM typically undergoes a separate stage for context length extension by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Suyu Ge , Xihui Lin , Yunan Zhang , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

Recent language models exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, yet the influence of long-context capacity on reasoning remains underexplored. In this work, we hypothesize that current limitations in reasoning stem, in part, from insufficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Wang Yang , Zirui Liu , Hongye Jin , Qingyu Yin , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long context inputs, but this comes at the cost of increased computational resources and latency. Our research introduces a novel approach for the long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhenmei Shi , Yifei Ming , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Yingyu Liang , Shafiq Joty

Conversational agents leveraging AI, particularly deep learning, are emerging in both academic research and real-world applications. However, these applications still face challenges, including disrespecting knowledge and facts, not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junfeng Liu , Zhuocheng Mei , Kewen Peng , Ranga Raju Vatsavai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of LLMs fall behind the pace. Existing benchmarks often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Kai Yan , Yifan Yang , Weijian Lin , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen
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