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AlphaZero in 2017 was able to master chess and other games without human knowledge by playing millions of games against itself (self-play), with a computation budget running in the tens of millions of dollars. It used a variant of the Monte…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Ameya Joshi

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have shown the effectiveness of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) for generating high quality intermediate trajectories, particularly in math and symbolic domains. Inspired by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bingning Huang , Tu Nguyen , Matthieu Zimmer

Training LLMs as interactive agents for multi-turn decision-making remains challenging, particularly in long-horizon tasks with sparse and delayed rewards, where agents must execute extended sequences of actions before receiving meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiangweizhi Peng , Yuanxin Liu , Ruida Zhou , Charles Fleming , Zhaoran Wang , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

The problem of sparse rewards is one of the hardest challenges in contemporary reinforcement learning. Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) tackles this problem by using a set of temporally-extended actions, or options, each of which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Nat Dilokthanakul , Christos Kaplanis , Nick Pawlowski , Murray Shanahan

The AlphaZero/MuZero (A/MZ) family of algorithms has achieved remarkable success across various challenging domains by integrating Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with learned models. Learned models introduce epistemic uncertainty, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Wendelin Böhmer

This paper proposes a method for prioritizing the replay experience referred to as Hindsight Goal Ranking (HGR) in overcoming the limitation of Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) that generates hindsight goals based on uniform sampling. HGR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Tung M. Luu , Chang D. Yoo

In the past few years, AlphaZero's exceptional capability in mastering intricate board games has garnered considerable interest. Initially designed for the game of Go, this revolutionary algorithm merges deep learning techniques with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Wen Liang , Chao Yu , Brian Whiteaker , Inyoung Huh , Hua Shao , Youzhi Liang

In this work, we adapt a training approach inspired by the original AlphaGo system to play the imperfect information game of Reconnaissance Blind Chess. Using only the observations instead of a full description of the game state, we first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Timo Bertram , Johannes Fürnkranz , Martin Müller

Multi-task reinforcement learning (RL) aims to simultaneously learn policies for solving many tasks. Several prior works have found that relabeling past experience with different reward functions can improve sample efficiency. Relabeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Benjamin Eysenbach , Xinyang Geng , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Currently, deep reinforcement learning (RL) shows impressive results in complex gaming and robotic environments. Often these results are achieved at the expense of huge computational costs and require an incredible number of episodes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Alexey Skrynnik , Aleksey Staroverov , Ermek Aitygulov , Kirill Aksenov , Vasilii Davydov , Aleksandr I. Panov

Solving goal-oriented tasks is an important but challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). For such tasks, the rewards are often sparse, making it difficult to learn a policy effectively. To tackle this difficulty, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Hao Sun , Zhizhong Li , Xiaotong Liu , Dahua Lin , Bolei Zhou

AlphaZero-type algorithms may stop improving on single-player tasks in case the value network guiding the tree search is unable to approximate the outcome of an episode sufficiently well. One technique to address this problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jonathan Pirnay , Quirin Göttl , Jakob Burger , Dominik Gerhard Grimm

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires skillful definition and remarkable computational efforts to solve optimization and control problems, which could impair its prospect. Introducing human guidance into reinforcement learning is a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Wenhui Huang , Chen Lv

Imperfect-information games (IIGs) are challenging, as players must make decisions without fully observing the true game state. While AlphaZero has achieved remarkable success in perfect-information games, extending it to IIGs remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Qian-Rong Li , Hung Guei , I-Chen Wu , Ti-Rong Wu

Existing person re-identification models are poor for scaling up to large data required in real-world applications due to: (1) Complexity: They employ complex models for optimal performance resulting in high computational cost for training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Hanxiao Wang , Shaogang Gong , Tao Xiang

In this work, we propose and evaluate a new reinforcement learning method, COMPact Experience Replay (COMPER), which uses temporal difference learning with predicted target values based on recurrence over sets of similar transitions, and a…

Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

In recent years there has been much interest in the Monte Carlo tree search algorithm, a new, adaptive, randomized optimization algorithm. In fields as diverse as Artificial Intelligence, Operations Research, and High Energy Physics,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-05-17 S. Ali Mirsoleimani , Aske Plaat , Jaap van den Herik , Jos Vermaseren

While apprenticeship learning has shown promise for inducing effective pedagogical policies directly from student interactions in e-learning environments, most existing approaches rely on optimal or near-optimal expert demonstrations under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Md Mirajul Islam , Rajesh Debnath , Adittya Soukarjya Saha , Min Chi

The ability of a robot to plan complex behaviors with real-time computation, rather than adhering to predesigned or offline-learned routines, alleviates the need for specialized algorithms or training for each problem instance. Monte Carlo…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Benjamin Riviere , John Lathrop , Soon-Jo Chung