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Large language models (LLMs) has been widely used for automated negotiation, but their high computational cost and privacy risks limit deployment in privacy-sensitive, on-device settings such as mobile assistants or rescue robots. Small…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yunbo Long , Yuhan Liu , Liming Xu

The emergence of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents has created a new ecosystem of strategic, agent-to-agent interactions. However, a critical challenge remains unaddressed: in high-stakes, emotion-sensitive domains like debt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yunbo Long , Yuhan Liu , Liming Xu , Alexandra Brintrup

We introduce EQ-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate aspects of emotional intelligence in Large Language Models (LLMs). We assess the ability of LLMs to understand complex emotions and social interactions by asking them to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel J. Paech

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), recent studies have drawn attention to their potential for handling not only simple question-answer tasks but also more complex conversational abilities and performing human-like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingyu Jeon , Jaeyoung Suh , Suwan Cho , Dohyeon Kim

Recent research on Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated that agents can engage in \textit{complex}, \textit{multi-turn} negotiations, opening new avenues for agentic AI. However, existing LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yunbo Long , Liming Xu , Lukas Beckenbauer , Yuhan Liu , Alexandra Brintrup

Emotion Support Conversation (ESC) is a crucial application, which aims to reduce human stress, offer emotional guidance, and ultimately enhance human mental and physical well-being. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haiquan Zhao , Lingyu Li , Shisong Chen , Shuqi Kong , Jiaan Wang , Kexin Huang , Tianle Gu , Yixu Wang , Wang Jian , Dandan Liang , Zhixu Li , Yan Teng , Yanghua Xiao , Yingchun Wang

Post-trained LLMs are often optimized to align responses with human preferences, making them safe, polite, and conversationally appropriate. In adversarial negotiation, however, this alignment can become a vulnerability: emotionally framed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yunbo Long , Haolang Zhao , Lukas Beckenbauer , Liming Xu , Alexandra Brintrup

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential as conversational agents. Yet, their effectiveness remains limited by deficiencies in robust long-term memory, particularly in complex, long-term web-based services such as online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tiantian Chen , Jiaqi Lu , Ying Shen , Lin Zhang

Emotional support is a core capability in human-AI interaction, with applications including psychological counseling, role play, and companionship. However, existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) often rely on short, static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zhouxing Tan , Ruochong Xiong , Yulong Wan , Jinlong Ma , Hanlin Xue , Qichun Deng , Haifeng Jing , Zhengtong Zhang , Depei Liu , Shiyuan Luo , Junfei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly power mental-health chatbots, yet the field still lacks a scalable, theory-grounded way to decide which model is most effective to deploy. We present ESC-Judge, the first end-to-end evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Navid Madani , Rohini Srihari

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has enabled agents to represent virtual humans in societal simulations, facilitating diverse interactions within complex social systems. However, existing LLM-based agents exhibit severe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qun Ma , Xiao Xue , Xuwen Zhang , Zihan Zhao , Yuwei Guo , Ming Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially complex, interaction-driven tasks, yet their ability to mirror human behavior in emotionally and strategically complex contexts remains underexplored. This study assesses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Deuksin Kwon , Kaleen Shrestha , Bin Han , Elena Hayoung Lee , Gale Lucas

Emotional support conversation (ESC) aims to alleviate the emotional distress of individuals through effective conversations. Although large language models (LLMs) have obtained remarkable progress on ESC, most of these studies might not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xiaoyu Wang , Yue Zhao , Qingqing Gu , Zhonglin Jiang , Xiaokai Chen , Yong Chen , Luo Ji

Large language models (LLMs) and their variants have shown extraordinary efficacy across numerous downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which has presented a new vision for the development of NLP. Despite their remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yazhou Zhang , Mengyao Wang , Youxi Wu , Prayag Tiwari , Qiuchi Li , Benyou Wang , Jing Qin

Powered by large language models (LLMs), AI agents have become capable of many human tasks. Using the most canonical definitions of the Big Five personality, we measure the ability of LLMs to negotiate within a game-theoretical framework,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Sean Noh , Ho-Chun Herbert Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across numerous disciplines, primarily assessed through tasks in language generation, knowledge utilization, and complex reasoning. However, their alignment with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Xuena Wang , Xueting Li , Zi Yin , Yue Wu , Liu Jia

The integration of emotional support into various conversational scenarios presents profound societal benefits, such as social interactions, mental health counseling, and customer service. However, there are unsolved challenges that hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Zhonghua Zheng , Lizi Liao , Yang Deng , Liqiang Nie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising potential in providing empathetic support during interactions. However, their responses often become verbose or overly formulaic, failing to adequately address the diverse emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Jing Ye , Lu Xiang , Yaping Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Large-language-model (LLM) agents excel at reactive dialogue but struggle with proactive, goal-driven interactions due to myopic decoding and costly planning. We introduce DialogXpert, which leverages a frozen LLM to propose a small,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Tazeek Bin Abdur Rakib , Ambuj Mehrish , Lay-Ki Soon , Wern Han Lim , Soujanya Poria

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui
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