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Related papers: Diffusion Language Models are Super Data Learners

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Diffusion-based large language models (DLLMs) have recently attracted growing interest as an alternative to autoregressive decoders. In this work, we present an empirical study on using the diffusion-based large language model LLaDA for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Mengqi Wang , Zhan Liu , Zengrui Jin , Guangzhi Sun , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

We introduce Transfusion, a recipe for training a multi-modal model over discrete and continuous data. Transfusion combines the language modeling loss function (next token prediction) with diffusion to train a single transformer over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Chunting Zhou , Lili Yu , Arun Babu , Kushal Tirumala , Michihiro Yasunaga , Leonid Shamis , Jacob Kahn , Xuezhe Ma , Luke Zettlemoyer , Omer Levy

Diffusion-based language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive language models, offering the potential for parallel token generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, harnessing this flexibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiyeon Kim , Sungik Choi , Yongrae Jo , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Due to the scarcity of high-quality data, large language models (LLMs) are often trained on mixtures of data with varying quality levels, even after sophisticated data curation. A natural approach to better leverage high-quality data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kairong Luo , Zhenbo Sun , Haodong Wen , Xinyu Shi , Jiarui Cui , Chenyi Dang , Kaifeng Lyu , Wenguang Chen

Diffusion language models are a promising alternative to autoregressive models, yet post-training methods for them largely adapt reward-maximizing objectives. We identify a central failure mode in this setting we call trajectory locking:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Saba Ahmadi , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Yufei Cui

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising parallel generation paradigm but suffer from slow inference due to numerous refinement steps and the inability to use standard KV caching. We introduce CDLM (Consistency Diffusion Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minseo Kim , Chenfeng Xu , Coleman Hooper , Harman Singh , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising alternative for language modeling by enabling parallel decoding through iterative refinement. However, most DLMs rely on hard binary masking and discrete token assignments, which hinder the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Linhao Zhong , Linyu Wu , Bozhen Fang , Tianjian Feng , Chenchen Jing , Wen Wang , Jiaheng Zhang , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) generation, yet their reliance on Transformer backbones limits inference efficiency due to quadratic attention or KV-cache overhead. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vaibhav Singh , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Pierre-André Noël , Eugene Belilovsky , Torsten Scholak

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) enable parallel token decoding, providing a promising alternative to the sequential nature of autoregressive generation. However, their iterative denoising process remains computationally expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Younjoo Lee , Junghoo Lee , Seungkyun Dan , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

Recent advances in diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have introduced a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs for natural language generation tasks, leveraging full attention and denoising-based decoding strategies.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haokun Lin , Haobo Xu , Yichen Wu , Ziyu Guo , Renrui Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Ying Wei , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenan Sun

Diffusion models have achieved great success in modeling continuous data modalities such as images, audio, and video, but have seen limited use in discrete domains such as language. Recent attempts to adapt diffusion to language have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Justin Lovelace , Varsha Kishore , Chao Wan , Eliot Shekhtman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Despite a growing interest in diffusion-based language models, existing work has not shown that these models can attain nontrivial likelihoods on standard language modeling benchmarks. In this work, we take the first steps towards closing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Ishaan Gulrajani , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

The recent rapid progress in pre-training Large Language Models has relied on using self-supervised language modeling objectives like next token prediction or span corruption. On the other hand, Machine Translation Systems are mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Andrea Schioppa , Xavier Garcia , Orhan Firat

Multilingual language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities to transfer knowledge across languages, despite being trained without explicit cross-lingual supervision. We analyze the parameter spaces of three MLLMs to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Frederick Riemenschneider , Anette Frank

Autoregressive (AR) language models enforce a fixed left-to-right generation order, creating a fundamental limitation when the required output structure conflicts with natural reasoning (e.g., producing answers before explanations due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Longxuan Yu , Yu Fu , Shaorong Zhang , Hui Liu , Mukund Varma T , Greg Ver Steeg , Yue Dong

Diffusion-based Large Language Models (D-LLMs) represent a promising frontier in generative AI, offering fully parallel token generation that can lead to significant throughput advantages and superior GPU utilization over the traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Michael Rottoli , Subhankar Roy , Stefano Paraboschi

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs, leveraging denoising-based generation to enable inherent parallelism. Even more and more open-sourced dLLM models emerge, yet…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a central paradigm for advancing Large Language Models (LLMs), where pre-training and RL post-training share the same log-likelihood formulation. In contrast, recent RL approaches for diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shuchen Xue , Chongjian Ge , Shilong Zhang , Yichen Li , Zhi-Ming Ma

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across textual and multimodal domains. In parallel, diffusion-based language models have emerged as a promising alternative to the autoregressive paradigm,…