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Spin Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) has garnered interest due to its various characteristics such as non-volatility, low leakage power, high density. Its magnetic properties have a vital role in STT switching operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Saeed Seyedfaraji , Javad Talafy Daryani , Mohamed M. Sabry Aly , Semeen Rehman

In this paper, we develop an in-memory analog computing (IMAC) architecture realizing both synaptic behavior and activation functions within non-volatile memory arrays. Spin-orbit torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (SOT-MRAM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Mohammed Elbtity , Abhishek Singh , Brendan Reidy , Xiaochen Guo , Ramtin Zand

In-memory computing promises to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck in computer systems by performing computations directly within the memory. Previous research has suggested using Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) for in-memory computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dhruv Gajaria , Kevin Antony Gomez , Tosiron Adegbija

This paper presents an in-memory computing (IMC) architecture developed on an 8x8 array of 8T SRAM cells. This architecture enables both multi-bit parallel Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operations and standard memory processing through…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Amogh K M , Sunita M S

A new class of spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is discussed, in which writing is achieved using thermally initiated magnonic current pulses as an alternative to conventional electric current pulses. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-28 Niladri N. Mojumder , David W. Abraham , Kaushik Roy , D. C. Worledge

In this work, we present a novel non-volatile spin transfer torque (STT) assisted spin-orbit torque (SOT) based ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) with 5 transistors and 2 magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). We perform a comprehensive…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Siri Narla , Piyush Kumar , Azad Naeemi

In this paper, we demonstrate the design of efficient and high-performance AI/Deep Learning accelerators with customized STT-MRAM and a reconfigurable core. Based on model-driven detailed design space exploration, we present the design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Kaniz Mishty , Mehdi Sadi

While general-purpose computing follows Von Neumann's architecture, the data movement between memory and processor elements dictates the processor's performance. The evolving compute-in-memory (CiM) paradigm tackles this issue by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

Spin Orbit Torque-Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) is being developed as a successor to the Spin transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) owing to its superior performance on the metrics of reliability and read-write speed. SOT switching of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Akanksha Chouhan , Heston A. Mendonca , Abhishek Erram , Ashwin A. Tulapurkar

The performance and efficiency of running large-scale datasets on traditional computing systems exhibit critical bottlenecks due to the existing "power wall" and "memory wall" problems. To resolve those problems, processing-in-memory (PIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Yinglin Zhao , Jianlei Yang , Bing Li , Xingzhou Cheng , Xucheng Ye , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Zhaohao Wang , Youguang Zhang , Weisheng Zhao

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching of ferromagnets with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has a great potential for the next-generation non-volatile magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM). It requires a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Tuo Fan , Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang , Soichiro Nakano , Pham Nam Hai

The discovery of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) generated through the spin Hall or Rashba effects provides an alternative write approach for magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), igniting the development of spin-orbitronics in recent years.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Hanying Zhang , Qianwen Zhao , Baiqing Jiang , Yuan Wang , Tunan Xie , Kaihua Lou , ChaoChao Xia , C. Bi

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is envisioned as an emerging non-volatile memory due to its ultra-high speed and low power consumption. The field-free switching schema in SOT devices is of great interest…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Min Wang , Zhaohao Wang , Chao Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Electrically controllable non-volatile magnetic memories show great potential for the replacement of semiconductor-based technologies. Recently there has been strong interest in spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetization reversal due to…

Recently DRAM-based PIMs (processing-in-memories) with unmodified cell arrays have demonstrated impressive performance for accelerating AI applications. However, due to the very restrictive hardware constraints, PIM remains an accelerator…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jaewoo Park , Sugil Lee , Jongeun Lee

Conventional computing paradigm struggles to fulfill the rapidly growing demands from emerging applications, especially those for machine intelligence, because much of the power and energy is consumed by constant data transfers between…

A compact, accurate, and bitwidth-programmable in-memory computing (IMC) static random-access memory (SRAM) macro, named CAP-RAM, is presented for energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. It leverages a novel…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Zhiyu Chen , Zhanghao Yu , Qing Jin , Yan He , Jingyu Wang , Sheng Lin , Dai Li , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang

Analog electronic non-volatile memories mimicking synaptic operations are being explored for the implementation of neuromorphic computing systems. Compound synapses consisting of ensembles of stochastic binary elements are alternatives to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Vaibhav Ostwal , Ramtin Zand , Ronald DeMara , Joerg Appenzeller

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is proposed to alleviate the processor-memory data transfer bottleneck in traditional Von-Neumann architectures, and spintronics-based magnetic memory has demonstrated many facilitation in implementing CIM…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Xueyan Wang , Jianlei Yang , Yinglin Zhao , Xiaotao Jia , Gang Qu , Weisheng Zhao