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Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive performance on complex, multi-step reasoning tasks, especially when post-trained with outcome-rewarded reinforcement learning Guo et al. 2025. However, it has been observed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Luoxin Chen , Yichi Zhou , Huishuai Zhang

We present FIMO, an innovative dataset comprising formal mathematical problem statements sourced from the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) Shortlisted Problems. Designed to facilitate advanced automated theorem proving at the IMO…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Chengwu Liu , Jianhao Shen , Huajian Xin , Zhengying Liu , Ye Yuan , Haiming Wang , Wei Ju , Chuanyang Zheng , Yichun Yin , Lin Li , Ming Zhang , Qun Liu

Large language models~(LLMs) present an intriguing avenue of exploration in the domain of formal theorem proving. Nonetheless, the full utilization of these models, particularly in terms of demonstration formatting and organization, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Xueliang Zhao , Wenda Li , Lingpeng Kong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in software vulnerability detection, yet their reasoning capabilities remain unreliable. We propose R2Vul, a method that combines reinforcement learning from AI feedback (RLAIF)…

Logical reasoning has been an ongoing pursuit in the field of AI. Despite significant advancements made by large language models (LLMs), they still struggle with complex logical reasoning problems. To enhance reasoning performance, one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Ruixin Hong , Hongming Zhang , Xinyu Pang , Dong Yu , Changshui Zhang

Artificial intelligence systems have achieved remarkable capability in natural language processing, perception and decision-making tasks. However, their behaviour often remains opaque and difficult to verify, limiting their applicability in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Reasoning models have attracted increasing attention for their ability to tackle complex tasks, embodying the System II (slow thinking) paradigm in contrast to System I (fast, intuitive responses). Yet a key question remains: Does slower…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sitong Fang , Wenjing Cao , Jiahao Li , Xuyao Wang , Juntao Dai , Chi-Min Chan , Sirui Han , Yike Guo , Yaodong Yang , Jiaming Ji

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for causal and counterfactual reasoning, yet their reliability in real-world policy evaluation remains underexplored. We construct a benchmark of 40 empirical policy evaluation cases drawn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yanjie He

Accurate auto-formalization of theorem statements is essential for advancing automated discovery and verification of research-level mathematics, yet remains a major bottleneck for LLMs due to hallucinations, semantic mismatches, and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanyu Wang , Ruohan Xie , Yutong Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Xintao Yu , Bin Dong

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting boosts Language Models' (LM) performance on a gamut of complex reasoning tasks, the generated reasoning chain does not necessarily reflect how the model arrives at the answer (aka. faithfulness). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Qing Lyu , Shreya Havaldar , Adam Stein , Li Zhang , Delip Rao , Eric Wong , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

As AI models tackle increasingly complex problems, ensuring reliable human oversight becomes more challenging due to the difficulty of verifying solutions. Approaches to scaling AI supervision include debate, in which two agents engage in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gabriel Recchia , Chatrik Singh Mangat , Issac Li , Gayatri Krishnakumar

Mathematical reasoning continues to be a critical challenge in large language model (LLM) development with significant interest. However, most of the cutting-edge progress in mathematical reasoning with LLMs has become \emph{closed-source}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shubham Toshniwal , Wei Du , Ivan Moshkov , Branislav Kisacanin , Alexan Ayrapetyan , Igor Gitman

Understanding the decision process of neural networks is hard. One vital method for explanation is to attribute its decision to pivotal features. Although many algorithms are proposed, most of them solely improve the faithfulness to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yuyou Gan , Yuhao Mao , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Yuwen Pu , Meng Han , Jianwei Yin , Ting Wang

Formal verification guarantees proof validity but not formalization faithfulness. For natural-language logical reasoning, where models construct axiom systems from scratch without library constraints, this gap between valid proofs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kyuhee Kim , Auguste Poiroux , Antoine Bosselut

We introduce HunyuanProver, an language model finetuned from the Hunyuan 7B for interactive automatic theorem proving with LEAN4. To alleviate the data sparsity issue, we design a scalable framework to iterative synthesize data with low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yang Li , Dong Du , Linfeng Song , Chen Li , Weikang Wang , Tao Yang , Haitao Mi

Large Language Models perform well at natural language interpretation and reasoning, but their inherent stochasticity limits their adoption in regulated industries like finance and healthcare that operate under strict policies. To address…

Large language models are increasingly capable at closed-world mathematical reasoning, but research assistance also requires source-grounded use of the literature. When a proof reaches a non-trivial step, a useful assistant should determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zicheng Lyu , Wenjie Yang , Shengzhong Zhang , Zengfeng Huang

While Large Language Models have achieved notable success on formal mathematics benchmarks such as MiniF2F, it remains unclear whether these results stem from genuine logical reasoning or semantic pattern matching against pre-training data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Lixing Li

Autoformalization aims to produce formal statements that compile and faithfully preserve the intended meaning of informal mathematics. Yet standard single-output evaluation protocols collapse a many-to-many problem into a single-output…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haijian Lu , Wei Wang , Jing Liu

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi