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Virtual testing is a crucial task to ensure safety in autonomous driving, and sensor simulation is an important task in this domain. Most current LiDAR simulations are very simplistic and are mainly used to perform initial tests, while the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Richard Marcus , Niklas Knoop , Bernhard Egger , Marc Stamminger

LiDAR-based perception in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) relies on deep neural networks trained with large-scale labeled datasets. However, creating such datasets is expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, limiting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Muhammad Shahbaz , Shaurya Agarwal

Perception sensors, particularly camera and Lidar, are key elements of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) that enable them to comprehend their surroundings to informed driving and control decisions. Therefore, developing realistic simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Hamed Haghighi , Xiaomeng Wang , Hao Jing , Mehrdad Dianati

Simulation-based testing is a cornerstone of Autonomous Driving System (ADS) development, offering safe and scalable evaluation across diverse driving scenarios. However, discrepancies between simulated and real-world behavior, known as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Mirena Flores Valdez , Andrea Stocco

In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust perception module for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) for drivable space extraction. Perception is crucial in autonomous driving, where many deep learning-based methods, while accurate on benchmark…

Lidar-based sensing drives current autonomous vehicles. Despite rapid progress, current Lidar sensors still lag two decades behind traditional color cameras in terms of resolution and cost. For autonomous driving, this means that large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Tianwei Yin , Xingyi Zhou , Philipp Krähenbühl

Reliable deep learning models require not only accurate predictions but also well-calibrated confidence estimates to ensure dependable uncertainty estimation. This is crucial in safety-critical applications like autonomous driving, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hanieh Shojaei Miandashti , Qianqian Zou , Claus Brenner

Simulating realistic sensors is a challenging part in data generation for autonomous systems, often involving carefully handcrafted sensor design, scene properties, and physics modeling. To alleviate this, we introduce a pipeline for…

This paper presents a simulation workflow for generating synthetic LiDAR datasets to support autonomous vehicle perception, robotics research, and sensor security analysis. Leveraging the CoppeliaSim simulation environment and its Python…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Abhishek Phadke , Shakib Mahmud Dipto , Pratip Rana

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

In Autonomous Driving (AD), detection and tracking of obstacles on the roads is a critical task. Deep-learning based methods using annotated LiDAR data have been the most widely adopted approach for this. Unfortunately, annotating 3D point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Jin Fang , Dingfu Zhou , Feilong Yan , Tongtong Zhao , Feihu Zhang , Yu Ma , Liang Wang , Ruigang Yang

The core task of any autonomous driving system is to transform sensory inputs into driving commands. In end-to-end driving, this is achieved via a neural network, with one or multiple cameras as the most commonly used input and low-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Ardi Tampuu , Romet Aidla , Jan Are van Gent , Tambet Matiisen

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) require reliable environmental perception to support safe and efficient transportation. With the rapid development of Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), roadside perception has become an effective means to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuhan Xia , Runxin Zhao , Hanyang Zhuang , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

LiDAR sensors are widely used in autonomous vehicles to better perceive the environment. However, prior works have shown that LiDAR signals can be spoofed to hide real objects from 3D object detectors. This study explores the feasibility of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Chengzeng You , Zhongyuan Hau , Binbin Xu , Soteris Demetriou

The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Markus Borg , Raja Ben Abdessalem , Shiva Nejati , Francois-Xavier Jegeden , Donghwan Shin

Anticipating the future in a dynamic scene is critical for many fields such as autonomous driving and robotics. In this paper we propose a class of novel neural network architectures to predict future LiDAR frames given previous ones. Since…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-18 David Deng , Avideh Zakhor

Autonomous offroad driving is essential for applications like emergency rescue, military operations, and agriculture. Despite progress, systems struggle with high-speed vehicles exceeding 10m/s due to the need for accurate long-range (>…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Eric Chen , Cherie Ho , Mukhtar Maulimov , Chen Wang , Sebastian Scherer

LiDAR sensors are used widely in Autonomous Vehicles for better perceiving the environment which enables safer driving decisions. Recent work has demonstrated serious LiDAR spoofing attacks with alarming consequences. In particular,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Chengzeng You , Zhongyuan Hau , Soteris Demetriou

Frame-wise semantic segmentation of indoor lidar scans is a fundamental step toward higher-level 3D scene understanding and mapping applications. However, acquiring frame-wise ground truth for training deep learning models is costly and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Haiyang Wu , Juan J. Gonzales Torres , George Vosselman , Ville Lehtola

The introduction of light emitting diodes (LED) in automotive exterior lighting systems provides opportunities to develop viable alternatives to conventional communication and sensing technologies. Most of the advanced driver-assist and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-17 Hisham Abuella , Farshad Miramirkhani , Sabit Ekin , Murat Uysal , Samir Ahmed