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Understanding the effects of noise on quantum computations is fundamental to the development of quantum hardware and quantum algorithms. Simulation tools are essential for quantitatively modelling these effects, yet unless artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Anthony P. Thompson , Arie Soeteman , Chris Cade , Ido Niesen

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. Practical implementations of these algorithms, despite offering certain levels of robustness against systematic errors, show a decline…

Quantum error mitigation is a key concept for the development of practical applications based on current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. One of the most promising methods is Richardson extrapolation to the zero noise limit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Michael Krebsbach , Björn Trauzettel , Alessio Calzona

As quantum computing advances towards practical applications, reducing errors remains a crucial frontier for developing near-term devices. Errors in the quantum gates and quantum state readout could result in noisy circuits, which would…

With sub-threshold quantum error correction on quantum hardware still out of reach, quantum error mitigation methods are currently deemed an attractive option for implementing certain applications on near-term noisy quantum devices. One…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 Wenbo Shi , Robert Malaney

In this work, we present simulations of two Open Quantum System models, Collisional and Markovian Reservoir, with noise simulations, the IBM devices ($\textit{ibm_kyoto}$, $\textit{ibm_osaka}$) and the OQC device Lucy. Extending the results…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Mainak Roy , Jessica John Britto , Ryan Hill , Victor Onofre

Due to the numerous limitations of current quantum devices, quantum error mitigation methods become potential solutions for realizing practical quantum applications in the near term. Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) and Clifford Data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Wenbo Shi , Neel Kanth Kundu , Robert Malaney

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

In this work, the global white-noise model is proved from first principles. The adherence of NISQ hardware to the global white-noise model is used to perform noise mitigation using Classical White-noise Extrapolation (CLAWE).

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Andrew Shaw

One of the greatest challenges for current quantum computing hardware is how to obtain reliable results from noisy devices. A recent paper [A. Kandala et al., Nature 567, 491 (2019)] described a method for injecting noise by stretching gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-22 Sam Tomkins , Rogério de Sousa

Using near-term quantum computers to achieve a quantum advantage requires efficient strategies to improve the performance of the noisy quantum devices presently available. We develop and experimentally validate two efficient error…

Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) represent a promising direction within Quantum Machine Learning (QML), yet their realization on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remains constrained by decoherence, gate imperfections,…

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

In this work, we study and improve two leading error mitigation techniques, namely Probabilistic Error Cancellation (PEC) and Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE), for estimating the expectation value of local observables. For PEC, we introduce a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Minh C. Tran , Kunal Sharma , Kristan Temme

Running quantum programs is fraught with challenges on on today's noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Many of these challenges originate from the error characteristics that stem from rapid decoherence and noise during…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Ellis Wilson , Sudhakar Singh , Frank Mueller

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Fault-tolerant quantum computers promise the simulation of complex quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computation. In contrast, current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices are constrained by hardware noise.…

Distilling precise estimates from noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) data has recently attracted considerable attention. In order to augment digital qubit metrics, such as gate fidelity, we discuss analog error mitigability, i.e. the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-15 J. W. O. Garmon , R. C. Pooser , E. F. Dumitrescu

We propose a quantum error mitigation strategy for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. We find, via numerical simulation, that very small amounts of coherent noise in VQE can cause substantially large errors that are…

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms, which run on noisy quantum computers should be carefully designed to boost the output state fidelity. While several compilation approaches have been proposed to minimize circuit errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Vedika Saravanan , Samah Mohamed Saeed