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The tension between deduction and induction is perhaps the most fundamental issue in areas such as philosophy, cognition and artificial intelligence (AI). The deduction camp concerns itself with questions about the expressiveness of formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Vaishak Belle

We propose that symbols are first and foremost external communication tools used between intelligent agents that allow knowledge to be transferred in a more efficient and effective manner than having to experience the world directly. But,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Daniel L. Silver , Tom M. Mitchell

Neurosymbolic approaches can add robustness to opaque neural systems by incorporating explainable symbolic representations. However, previous approaches have not used formal logic to contextualize queries to and validate outputs of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Priyesh Vakharia , Abigail Kufeldt , Max Meyers , Ian Lane , Leilani Gilpin

A hallmark of intelligence is the ability to use a familiar domain to make inferences about a less familiar domain, known as analogical reasoning. In this article, we delve into the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in dealing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Thilini Wijesiriwardene , Amit Sheth , Valerie L. Shalin , Amitava Das

Neural-symbolic computing (NeSy), which pursues the integration of the symbolic and statistical paradigms of cognition, has been an active research area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for many years. As NeSy shows promise of reconciling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang , Fei Wu

Neuro-symbolic systems combine the abilities of neural perception and logical reasoning. However, end-to-end learning of neuro-symbolic systems is still an unsolved challenge. This paper proposes a natural framework that fuses neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zenan Li , Yunpeng Huang , Zhaoyu Li , Yuan Yao , Jingwei Xu , Taolue Chen , Xiaoxing Ma , Jian Lu

Deep Learning (DL) models have become popular for solving complex problems, but they have limitations such as the need for high-quality training data, lack of transparency, and robustness issues. Neuro-Symbolic AI has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Andrea Rafanelli

Formal verification has emerged as a powerful approach to ensure the safety and reliability of deep neural networks. However, current verification tools are limited to only a handful of properties that can be expressed as first-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Xuan Xie , Kristian Kersting , Daniel Neider

In recent years, neural systems have demonstrated highly effective learning ability and superior perception intelligence. However, they have been found to lack effective reasoning and cognitive ability. On the other hand, symbolic systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Dongran Yu , Bo Yang , Dayou Liu , Hui Wang , Shirui Pan

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

The ability to conduct logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of intelligent human behavior, and thus an important problem along the way to human-level artificial intelligence. Traditionally, logic-based symbolic methods from the field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Patrick Hohenecker , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Research on integrated neural-symbolic systems has made significant progress in the recent past. In particular the understanding of ways to deal with symbolic knowledge within connectionist systems (also called artificial neural networks)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sebastian Bader , Pascal Hitzler

Neurosymbolic AI aims to integrate deep learning with symbolic AI. This integration has many promises, such as decreasing the amount of data required to train a neural network, improving the explainability and interpretability of answers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Emile van Krieken

This perspective piece calls for the study of the new field of Intersymbolic AI, by which we mean the combination of symbolic AI, whose building blocks have inherent significance/meaning, with subsymbolic AI, whose entirety creates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 André Platzer

Neurosymbolic AI (NeSy) aims to integrate the statistical strengths of neural networks with the interpretability and structure of symbolic reasoning. However, current NeSy frameworks like DeepProbLog enforce a fixed flow where symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Adem Kikaj , Giuseppe Marra , Floris Geerts , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt

Learning the underlying patterns in data goes beyond instance-based generalization to external knowledge represented in structured graphs or networks. Deep learning that primarily constitutes neural computing stream in AI has shown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ugur Kursuncu , Manas Gaur , Amit Sheth

Neurosymbolic AI deals with models that combine symbolic processing, like classic AI, and neural networks, as it's a very established area. These models are emerging as an effort toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by both…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wandemberg Gibaut , Leonardo Pereira , Fabio Grassiotto , Alexandre Osorio , Eder Gadioli , Amparo Munoz , Sildolfo Gomes , Claudio dos Santos

Representation is a core issue in artificial intelligence. Humans use discrete language to communicate and learn from each other, while machines use continuous features (like vector, matrix, or tensor in deep neural networks) to represent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Yuqi Wang , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu , Zhaoxiang Zhang

The unification of low-level perception and high-level reasoning is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence, which has the potential to not only bring the areas of logic and learning closer together but also demonstrate how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Anton Fuxjaeger , Vaishak Belle

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across industries, driven by advances in deep learning and natural language processing, and fueled by large-scale data and computing resources. Despite its rapid adoption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Sebastian Seidel , Uwe M. Borghoff