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Smart Contracts are programs running logic in the Blockchain network by executing operations through immutable transactions. The Blockchain network validates such transactions, storing them into sequential blocks of which integrity is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Francesco Salzano , Simone Scalabrino , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

The industrial market continuously needs reliable solutions to secure autonomous systems. Especially as these systems become more complex and interconnected, reliable security solutions are becoming increasingly important. One promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Önder Gürcan

Smart contracts manage a large number of digital assets nowadays. Bugs in these contracts have led to significant financial loss. Verifying the correctness of smart contracts is, therefore, an important task. This paper presents an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Haoxian Chen , Lan Lu , Brendan Massey , Yuepeng Wang , Boon Thau Loo

Hardware verification is one of the most challenging stages of the hardware design process, requiring significant time and resources to ensure a design is fully validated and production-ready. Verification teams aim to maximize design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sean Lowe , Elias Hilaneh , Alma Babbit , Nakul Gopalan , Vidya Chhabria , Aman Arora

Traditional consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Stake (PoS), increasingly reveal an excessive dependency on large liquidity providers. Although the Proof of Liquidity (PoL) mechanism serves as a critical paradigm for incentivizing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zekai Liu , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li

In a proof of knowledge (PoK), a verifier becomes convinced that a prover possesses privileged information. In combination with zero-knowledge proof systems, PoKs play an important role in security protocols such as in digital signatures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Anne Broadbent , Alex B. Grilo , Nagisa Hara , Arthur Mehta

The EOSIO blockchain, one of the representative Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) blockchain platforms, has grown rapidly recently. Meanwhile, a number of vulnerabilities and high-profile attacks against top EOSIO DApps and their smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Ningyu He , Ruiyi Zhang , Lei Wu , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo , Yao Guo , Ting Yu , Xuxian Jiang

Existing Android vulnerability detection tools overwhelm teams with thousands of low-signal warnings yet uncover few true positives. Analysts spend days triaging these results, creating a bottleneck in the security pipeline. Meanwhile,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Ziyue Wang , Liyi Zhou

Autonomous coding agents are increasingly deployed as AI teammates in modern software engineering, independently authoring pull requests (PRs) that modify production code at scale. This study aims to systematically characterize how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Xinye Zhao , Vinicius Carvalho Lopes , Beatrice Casey , Joanna C. S. Santos

The transition to smart grids has increased the vulnerability of electrical power systems to advanced cyber threats. To safeguard these systems, comprehensive security measures-including preventive, detective, and reactive strategies-are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Omer Sen , Christoph Pohl , Immanuel Hacker , Markus Stroot , Andreas Ulbig

This paper investigates a critical access control issue in the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, we propose a smart contract-based framework, which consists of multiple access control contracts (ACCs), one judge contract (JC) and one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Yuanyu Zhang , Shoji Kasahara , Yulong Shen , Xiaohong Jiang , Jianxiong Wan

The number of cyber-attacks have substantially increased over the past decade resulting in huge organizational financial losses. Indeed, it is no longer a matter of "if" but "when" a security incident will take place. A Security Operations…

Smart contracts extended blockchain functionality beyond simple transactions, powering complex applications like decentralized finance (DeFi). However, this complexity introduces serious security challenges, including price manipulation and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bowen Cai , Weiheng Bai , Hangyun Tang , Youshui Lu , Kangjie Lu

Compiler correctness is an old problem, but with the emergence of smart contracts on blockchains that problem presents itself in a new light. Smart contracts are self-contained pieces of software that control assets, which are often of high…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Jacco O. G. Krijnen , Manuel M. T. Chakravarty , Gabriele Keller , Wouter Swierstra

With the prevalence of smart contracts, smart Ponzi schemes have become a common fraud on blockchain and have caused significant financial loss to cryptocurrency investors in the past few years. Despite the critical importance of detecting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xiaolin Wen , Tai D. Nguyen , Shaolun Ruan , Qiaomu Shen , Jun Sun , Feida Zhu , Yong Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled a new generation of autonomous agents that operate over sustained periods and manage sensitive resources on behalf of users. Trusted for their ability to act without direct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Artem Grigor , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Simon Birnbach , Ivan Martinovic

Software testing has progressed toward intelligent automation, yet current AI-based test generators still suffer from static, single-shot outputs that frequently produce invalid, redundant, or non-executable tests due to the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Saba Naqvi , Mohammad Baqar , Nawaz Ali Mohammad

Smart contracts are increasingly being used to manage large numbers of high-value cryptocurrency accounts. There is a strong demand for automated, efficient, and comprehensive methods to detect security vulnerabilities in a given contract.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Michael Rodler , David Paaßen , Wenting Li , Lukas Bernhard , Thorsten Holz , Ghassan Karame , Lucas Davi

Blockchain and smart contract technology are novel approaches to data and code management that facilitate trusted computing by allowing for development in a distributed and decentralized manner. Testing smart contracts comes with its own…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Stefan Driessen , Dario Di Nucci , Geert Monsieur , Damian A. Tamburri , Willem-Jan van den Heuvel

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is emerging as a peer-to-peer financial ecosystem, enabling participants to trade products on a permissionless blockchain. Built on blockchain and smart contracts, the DeFi ecosystem has experienced explosive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Peng Qian , Rui Cao , Zhenguang Liu , Wenqing Li , Ming Li , Lun Zhang , Yufeng Xu , Jianhai Chen , Qinming He