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Blockchain systems are increasingly targeted by on-chain attacks that exploit contract vulnerabilities to extract value rapidly and stealthily, making systematic analysis and reproduction highly challenging. In practice, reproducing such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Xing Su , Hao Wu , Hanzhong Liang , Yunlin Jiang , Yuxi Cheng , Yating Liu , Fengyuan Xu

Smart contracts are self-enforcing agreements that are employed to exchange assets without the approval of trusted third parties. This feature has encouraged various sectors to make use of smart contracts when transacting. Experience shows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Sabreen Ahmadjee , Carlos Mera-Gómez , Rami Bahsoon

Despite the high stakes involved in smart contracts, they are often developed in an undisciplined manner, leaving the security and reliability of blockchain transactions at risk. In this paper, we introduce ContraMaster: an oracle-supported…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Haijun Wang , Yi Li , Shang-Wei Lin , Cyrille Artho , Lei Ma , Yang Liu

Exploit proof-of-concepts (PoCs) for known vulnerabilities are widely shared in the security community. They help security analysts to learn from each other and they facilitate security assessments and red teaming tasks. In the recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Soufian El Yadmani , Robin The , Olga Gadyatskaya

Modern mathematics is built on the idea that proofs should be translatable into formal proofs, whose validity is an objective question, decidable by a computer. Yet, in practice, proofs are informal and may omit many details. An agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Sylvain Carré , Franck Gabriel , Clément Hongler , Gustavo Lacerda , Gloria Capano

The increased adoption of smart contracts in many industries has made them an attractive target for cybercriminals, leading to millions of dollars in losses. Thus, deploying smart contracts with detected vulnerabilities (known to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Pengcheng , Peng , Yun , Qingzhao , Tao , Dawn , Prateek , Sanjeev , Zhuotao , Xusheng

Most concurrent blockchain systems rely heavily on the Proof-of-Work (PoW) or Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanisms for decentralized consensus and security assurance. However, the substantial energy expenditure stemming from computationally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zishuo Zhao , Zhixuan Fang , Xuechao Wang , Xi Chen , Hongxu Su , Haibo Xiao , Yuan Zhou

As smart contract platforms autonomously manage billions of dollars of capital, quantifying the portfolio risk that investors engender in these systems is increasingly important. Recent work illustrates that Proof of Stake (PoS) is…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-06-22 Tarun Chitra , Alex Evans

Smart contracts automate the management of high-value assets, where vulnerabilities can lead to catastrophic financial losses. This challenge is amplified in Large Language Models (LLMs) by two interconnected failures: they operate as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lei Yu , Jingyuan Zhang , Xin Wang , Jiajia Ma , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang

The growing adoption of smart contracts on blockchains poses new security risks that can lead to significant monetary loss, while existing approaches either provide no (or partial) security guarantees for smart contracts or require huge…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Shaokai Lin , Xinyuan Sun , Jianan Yao , Ronghui Gu

Microarchitectural attacks continue to evolve, uncovering new exploitation vectors in modern processors. From a defensive perspective, assessing a system's susceptibility to such attacks remains challenging. Developing functional attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Debopriya Roy Dipta , Thore Tiemann , Eduard Marin , Thomas Eisenbarth , Berk Gulmezoglu

Proofs of Concept (PoCs) are widely adopted practices in software engineering. Despite their relevance, PoCs remain conceptually underdefined and methodologically ad hoc in both research and industry, with definitions and implementation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Bruno Fernando Antognolli , Fabio Petrillo

For vulnerabilities, Proof-of-Concept (PoC) plays an irreplaceable role in demonstrating the exploitability. PoC reports may include critical information such as specific usage, test platforms, and more, providing essential insights for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lingxiao Wang , Wenjing Dang , Mengyao Zhang , Yue Wang , Xianzong Wu , Sen Chen

Developers create modern software applications (Apps) on top of third-party libraries (Libs). When library vulnerabilities are reachable through application code, the applications can be vulnerable to software supply chain attacks. Prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shravya Kanchi , Xiaoyan Zang , Ying Zhang , Danfeng Yao , Na Meng

Smart contracts are essential to decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain ecosystems but are increasingly vulnerable to exploits due to coding errors and complex attack vectors. Traditional static analysis tools and existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jun Kevin , Pujianto Yugopuspito

Nowadays, sophisticated domains are emerging which require appropriate formalisms to be specified accurately in order to reason about them. One such domain is constituted of smart contracts that have emerged in cyber physical systems as a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Kalonji Kalala

Smart contracts govern billions of dollars in decentralized finance (DeFi), yet automated vulnerability detection remains challenging because many vulnerabilities are tightly coupled with project-specific business logic. We observe that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ziqiao Kong , Wanxu Xia , Chong Wang , Yi Lu , Pan Li , Shaohua Li , Zong Cao , Yang Liu

Proof-of-concept exploits help demonstrate software vulnerability beyond doubt and communicate attacks to non-experts. But exploits can be configuration-specific, for example when in Security APIs, where keys are set up specifically for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Robert Künnemann , Julian Biehl

With the increase of the adoption of blockchain technology in providing decentralized solutions to various problems, smart contracts have become more popular to the point that billions of US Dollars are currently exchanged every day through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Feng Mi , Chen Zhao , Zhuoyi Wang , Sadaf MD Halim , Xiaodi Li , Zhouxiang Wu , Latifur Khan , Bhavani Thuraisingham

A critical limitation in large-scale multi-agent systems is the cascading of errors. And without intermediate verification, downstream agents exacerbate upstream inaccuracies, resulting in significant quality degradation. To bridge this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Churong Liang , Jinling Gan , Kairan Hong , Qiushi Tian , Zongze Wu , Runnan Li