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As autonomous systems move from prototypes to real deployments, the ability of multiple agents to make decentralized, cooperative decisions becomes a core requirement. This paper examines how agentic artificial intelligence, agents that act…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Ansh Kamthan

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) framework has gained widespread adoption due to its strong performance. However, the further development of CTDE faces two key…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lunjun Liu , Weilai Jiang , Yaonan Wang

Achieving distributed reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale cooperative multi-agent systems (MASs) is challenging because: (i) each agent has access to only limited information; (ii) issues on convergence or computational complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty , Piyush K. Sharma

Recently, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown the promise to solve complex cooperative tasks. Its success is partly because of parameter sharing among agents. However, such sharing may lead agents to behave similarly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Chenghao Li , Tonghan Wang , Chengjie Wu , Qianchuan Zhao , Jun Yang , Chongjie Zhang

We study the problem of learning multi-task, multi-agent policies for cooperative, temporal objectives, under centralized training, decentralized execution. In this setting, using automata to represent tasks enables the decomposition of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Beyazit Yalcinkaya , Marcell Vazquez-Chanlatte , Ameesh Shah , Hanna Krasowski , Sanjit A. Seshia

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has become a classic paradigm to solve diverse, intelligent control tasks like autonomous driving in Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, the widely assumed existence of a central node to implement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Xiaoxue Yu , Rongpeng Li , Fei Wang , Chenghui Peng , Chengchao Liang , Zhifeng Zhao , Honggang Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a potent tool for sequential decision-making and has achieved performance surpassing human capabilities across many challenging real-world tasks. As the extension of RL in the multi-agent system domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ruiqi Zhang , Jing Hou , Florian Walter , Shangding Gu , Jiayi Guan , Florian Röhrbein , Yali Du , Panpan Cai , Guang Chen , Alois Knoll

It can largely benefit the reinforcement learning (RL) process of each agent if multiple geographically distributed agents perform their separate RL tasks cooperatively. Different from multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Kaiyue Wu , Xiao-Jun Zeng

Many scenarios in mobility and traffic involve multiple different agents that need to cooperate to find a joint solution. Recent advances in behavioral planning use Reinforcement Learning to find effective and performant behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Lukas M. Schmidt , Johanna Brosig , Axel Plinge , Bjoern M. Eskofier , Christopher Mutschler

In many real-world problems, a team of agents need to collaborate to maximize the common reward. Although existing works formulate this problem into a centralized learning with decentralized execution framework, which avoids the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Liheng Chen , Hongyi Guo , Yali Du , Fei Fang , Haifeng Zhang , Yaoming Zhu , Ming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Qing Wang , Yong Yu

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for navigation enables agents to cooperate to achieve their navigation goals. Using emergent communication, agents learn a communication protocol to coordinate and share information that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mohamed K. Abdelaziz , Mohammed S. Elbamby , Sumudu Samarakoon , Mehdi Bennis

We consider the problem of cooperative exploration where multiple robots need to cooperatively explore an unknown region as fast as possible. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has recently become a trending paradigm for solving this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Chao Yu , Xinyi Yang , Jiaxuan Gao , Jiayu Chen , Yunfei Li , Jijia Liu , Yunfei Xiang , Ruixin Huang , Huazhong Yang , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

The deployment of multi-agent systems in dynamic, adversarial environments like robotic soccer necessitates real-time decision-making, sophisticated cooperation, and scalable algorithms to avoid the curse of dimensionality. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Aya Taourirte , Md Sohag Mia

In order for artificial agents to coordinate effectively with people, they must act consistently with existing conventions (e.g. how to navigate in traffic, which language to speak, or how to coordinate with teammates). A group's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Adam Lerer , Alexander Peysakhovich

Closed-loop traffic simulation requires agents that are both scalable and behaviorally realistic. Recent self-play reinforcement learning approaches demonstrate strong scalability, but their equilibrium strategies fail to capture the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weifan Zhang , Xiaofeng Zhao , Adel Bazzi , Mingrui Li , Yifan Wei , Dengfeng Sun

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), independent learning (IL) often shows remarkable performance and easily scales with the number of agents. Yet, using IL can be inefficient and runs the risk of failing to successfully train,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-06 David Mguni , Haojun Chen , Taher Jafferjee , Jianhong Wang , Long Fei , Xidong Feng , Stephen McAleer , Feifei Tong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Much work has been dedicated to the exploration of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) paradigms implementing a centralized learning with decentralized execution (CLDE) approach to achieve human-like collaboration in cooperative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Piyush K. Sharma , Rolando Fernandez , Erin Zaroukian , Michael Dorothy , Anjon Basak , Derrik E. Asher

Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

Recent studies show that LLMs possess different skills and specialize in different tasks. In fact, we observe that their varied performance occur in several levels of granularity. For example, in the code optimization task, code LLMs excel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuanzhe Liu , Ryan Deng , Tim Kaler , Xuhao Chen , Charles E. Leiserson , Yao Ma , Jie Chen

Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an emerging field that aims to learn optimal multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets. Compared to single-agent case, multi-agent setting involves a large joint state-action space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zongkai Liu , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Xiawei Wu , Yile Liang , Donghui Li , Xuetao Ding