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Related papers: GW231123 ringdown: interpretation as multimodal Ke…

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The recently discovered gravitational wave event GW231123 was interpreted as the merger of two black holes with a total mass of 190-265 $M_\odot$, making it the heaviest such merger detected to date. Whilst much of the post-discovery…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 Qian Hu , Harsh Narola , Jef Heynen , Mick Wright , John Veitch , Justin Janquart , Chris Van Den Broeck

We conduct a descriptive analysis of the multipolar structure of gravitational-radiation waveforms from equal-mass aligned-spin mergers, following an approach first presented in the complementary context of nonspinning black holes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Bernard J. Kelly , John G. Baker , William D. Boggs , Sean T. McWilliams , Joan Centrella

In the last decade, the ringdown community has made large strides in understanding the aftermath of binary black hole mergers through the study of numerical simulations. In this note, we introduce two flavors of fitting algorithms, that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-06 Lorena Magaña Zertuche , Leda Gao , Eliot Finch , Gregory B. Cook

We present numerical results from three-dimensional evolutions of scalar perturbations of Kerr black holes. Our simulations make use of a high-order accurate multi-block code which naturally allows for fixed adaptivity and smooth inner…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ernst Nils Dorband , Emanuele Berti , Peter Diener , Erik Schnetter , Manuel Tiglio

All multipole moments of a Kerr black hole are uniquely determined by its mass and spin. Gravitational wave observations can test this prediction by measuring spin-induced multipole moments imprinted on the inspiral phase of compact binary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Rimo Das , N. V. Krishnendu , M. Saleem , Chandra Kant Mishra , K. G. Arun

Quadratic quasinormal modes encode fundamental properties of black hole spacetimes. They are also one of the key ingredients of nonlinearities of General Relativity in the ringdown stage of binary black hole coalescence. In this work, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Neev Khera , Sizheng Ma , Huan Yang

GW231123 exhibits exceedingly massive components and high spins, which challenges the formation of first-generation (1G) black holes from stellar collapse and implies that this event might originate from hierarchical mergers. Here we show…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-11 Guo-Peng Li , Xi-Long Fan

Using high-accuracy numerical relativity waveforms, we confirm the presence of numerous overtones of the $\ell=2$, $m=2$ quasinormal mode early in the ringdown of binary black hole mergers. We do this by demonstrating the stability of the…

The remnant black hole from a binary coalescence emits ringdown gravitational waves characterized by quasinormal modes, which depend solely on the remnant's mass and spin. In contrast, the ringdown amplitudes and phases are determined by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-04 Costantino Pacilio , Swetha Bhagwat , Francesco Nobili , Davide Gerosa

Measuring quasinormal modes (QNMs) during the ringdown phase of binary black hole coalescences provides key insights into merger dynamics and enables tests of the no-hair theorem. The QNM rational filter has recently been introduced as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-12 Neil Lu , Sizheng Ma , Ornella J. Piccinni , Ling Sun , Eliot Finch

The ringdown gravitational wave signal arising e.g., in the final stage of a black hole binary merger, contains important information about the properties of the remnant, and can potentially be used to perform clean tests of general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-22 Taillte May , Sizheng Ma , Justin L. Ripley , William E. East

The properties of a remnant black hole can be probed by analyzing the gravitational waves emitted during its ringdown phase. This signal provides a direct test of general relativity in the strong-field regime. In this study, we apply a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 Hai-Tian Wang

Extracting quasinormal modes from compact binary mergers to perform black hole spectroscopy is one of the fundamental pillars in current and future strong-gravity tests. Among the most remarkable findings of recent works is that including a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 Peter James Nee , Sebastian H. Völkel , Harald P. Pfeiffer

In general relativity, the remnant object originating from an uncharged black hole merger is a Kerr black hole. The approach to this final state is reached through the emission of a late train of radiation known as the black hole ringdown.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-10 Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Pierre Mourier

As gravitational-wave ringdown signals grow louder, quasinormal-mode inference depends increasingly on the treatment of extrinsic parameters. Standard analyses fix sky localization - and sometimes also polarization and inclination - to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Kallol Dey , Enrico Barausse , Marco Crisostomi , Roberto Trotta

Estimates of the source parameters of gravitational-wave (GW) events produced by compact binary mergers rely on theoretical models for the GW signal. We present the first frequency-domain model for inspiral, merger and ringdown of the GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-16 Sebastian Khan , Frank Ohme , Katerina Chatziioannou , Mark Hannam

In the aftermath of a binary black hole merger event, the gravitational wave signal emitted by the remnant black hole is modeled as a superposition of damped sinusoids known as quasinormal modes. While the dominant quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Sophia Yi , Adrien Kuntz , Enrico Barausse , Emanuele Berti , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Konstantinos Kritos , Andrea Maselli

It is expected that all astrophysical black holes in equilibrium are well described by the Kerr solution. Moreover, any black hole far away from equilibrium, such as one initially formed in a compact binary merger or by the collapse of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-14 Pierre Mourier , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Daniel Pook-Kolb , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

Using gravitational waves to probe the geometry of the ringing remnant black hole formed in a binary black hole coalescence is a well-established way to test Einstein's theory of general relativity. However, doing so requires knowledge of…

We present a detailed analysis of GW250114, the loudest gravitational-wave signal observed to date, using a waveform model capable of describing binary black holes in generic (eccentric and precessing) orbits. Our analysis builds on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-14 Koustav Chandra , Rossella Gamba , Danilo Chiaramello