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Determining the optimal block size is crucial for achieving high throughput in blockchain systems. Many studies have focused on tuning various components, such as databases, network bandwidth, and consensus mechanisms. However, the impact…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Narges Dadkhah , Somayeh Mohammadi , Gerhard Wunder

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational component of modern AI systems, yet it introduces significant privacy risks by exposing user queries to service providers. To address this, we introduce PIR-RAG, a practical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Baiqiang Wang , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng , Dongfang Zhao

This paper considers the problem of single-server single-message private information retrieval with coded side information (PIR-CSI). In this problem, there is a server storing a database, and a user which knows a linear combination of a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Fatemeh Kazemi , Alex Sprintson

In this paper, we consider the multi-server setting of Private Information Retrieval with Private Coded Side Information (PIR-PCSI) problem. In this problem, there is a database of $K$ messages whose copies are replicated across $N$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Fatemeh Kazemi , Esmaeil Karimi , Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Alex Sprintson

Using blockchain as a decentralized backend infrastructure has grabbed the attention of many startups entrepreneurs and developers. Blockchain records transactions permanently and protects them from undesirable tampering. It provides a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Sara Rouhani , Vahid Pourheidari , Ralph Deters

Motivated by an open problem and a conjecture, this work studies the problem of single server private information retrieval with private coded side information (PIR-PCSI) that was recently introduced by Heidarzadeh et al. The goal of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yuxiang Lu , Syed Ali Jafar

We introduce the problem of symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) on replicated databases modeled by a simple graph. In this model, each vertex corresponds to a server, and a message is replicated on two servers if and only if…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Shreya Meel , Sennur Ulukus

The growth in IoT devices means an ongoing risk of data vulnerability. The transition from centralized ecosystems to decentralized ecosystems is of paramount importance due to security, privacy, and data use concerns. Since the majority of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sushil Khairnar

Blockchain technologies are gaining massive momentum in the last few years. Blockchains are distributed ledgers that enable parties who do not fully trust each other to maintain a set of global states. The parties agree on the existence,…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Rui Liu , Meihui Zhang , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , Ji Wang

We consider the problem of private information retrieval (PIR) from multiple storage nodes when the underlying database is encoded using regenerating codes, i.e., the database has the ability to recover from individual node failures. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Adway Patra , Navin Kashyap

In the private information retrieval (PIR) problem, a user wants to retrieve a file from a database without revealing any information about the desired file's identity to the servers that store the database. In this paper, we study the PIR…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bar Sadeh , Yujie Gu , Itzhak Tamo

A 2-server Private Information Retrieval (PIR) scheme allows a user to retrieve the $i$th bit of an $n$-bit database replicated among two servers (which do not communicate) while not revealing any information about $i$ to either server. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Zeev Dvir , Sivakanth Gopi

Recent technological advancements have led to the development of new methods for managing organ donation systems, which aim to overcome the limitations of traditional centralized systems. To achieve increased transparency, security, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Satyajit Ghosh , Mousumi Dutta

A private information retrieval (PIR) protocol guarantees that a user can privately retrieve files stored in a database without revealing any information about the identity of the requested file. Existing information-theoretic PIR protocols…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Hsuan-Yin Lin , Siddhartha Kumar , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Eitan Yaakobi

Within the last few years, a countless number of blockchain systems have emerged on the market, each one claiming to revolutionize the way of distributed transaction processing in one way or the other. Many blockchain features, such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Ankur Sharma , Felix Martin Schuhknecht , Divya Agrawal , Jens Dittrich

Suppose there are $N$ distributed databases each storing a full set of $M$ independent files. A user wants to retrieve $r$ out of the $M$ files without revealing the identity of the $r$ files. When $r=1$ it is the classic problem of private…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Zhifang Zhang , Jingke Xu

Privacy-preserving blockchain systems are essential for protecting transaction data, yet they must also provide auditability that enables auditors to recover participant identities and transaction amounts when warranted. Existing designs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zihan Liu , Xiaohu Wang , Chao Lin , Minghui Xu , Debiao He , Xinyi Huang

The problem of providing privacy, in the private information retrieval (PIR) sense, to users requesting data from a distributed storage system (DSS), is considered. The DSS is coded by an $(n,k,d)$ Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Razan Tajeddine , Oliver W. Gnilke , Salim El Rouayheb

Permissioned ledger technologies have gained significant traction over the last few years. For practical reasons, their applications have focused on transforming narrowly scoped use-cases in isolation. This has led to a proliferation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ermyas Abebe , Yining Hu , Allison Irvin , Dileban Karunamoorthy , Vinayaka Pandit , Venkatraman Ramakrishna , Jiangshan Yu

We consider the problem of weakly-private information retrieval (WPIR) when data is encoded by a maximum distance separable code and stored across multiple servers. In WPIR, a user wishes to retrieve a piece of data from a set of servers…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Asbjørn O. Orvedal , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes