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Tokenization is a fundamental step in natural language processing, breaking text into units that computational models can process. While learned subword tokenizers have become the de-facto standard, they present challenges such as large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Pit Neitemeier , Björn Deiseroth , Constantin Eichenberg , Lukas Balles

Transformer has been applied in the field of computer vision due to its excellent performance in natural language processing, surpassing traditional convolutional neural networks and achieving new state-of-the-art. ViT divides an image into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yuang Liu , Zhiheng Qiu , Xiaokai Qin

The Transformer architecture has achieved significant success in natural language processing, motivating its adaptation to computer vision tasks. Unlike convolutional neural networks, vision transformers inherently capture long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zherui Zhang , Rongtao Xu , Jie Zhou , Changwei Wang , Xingtian Pei , Wenhao Xu , Jiguang Zhang , Li Guo , Longxiang Gao , Wenbo Xu , Shibiao Xu

Existing visual change detectors usually adopt CNNs or Transformers for feature representation learning and focus on learning effective representation for the changed regions between images. Although good performance can be obtained by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Bo Jiang , Zitian Wang , Xixi Wang , Ziyan Zhang , Lan Chen , Xiao Wang , Bin Luo

Document images can be affected by many degradation scenarios, which cause recognition and processing difficulties. In this age of digitization, it is important to denoise them for proper usage. To address this challenge, we present a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Sanket Biswas , Sana Khamekhem Jemni , Yousri Kessentini , Alicia Fornés , Josep Lladós , Umapada Pal

Transformers exhibit great advantages in handling computer vision tasks. They model image classification tasks by utilizing a multi-head attention mechanism to process a series of patches consisting of split images. However, for complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Haichao Zhang , Kuangrong Hao , Witold Pedrycz , Lei Gao , Xuesong Tang , Bing Wei

We introduce dense vision transformers, an architecture that leverages vision transformers in place of convolutional networks as a backbone for dense prediction tasks. We assemble tokens from various stages of the vision transformer into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 René Ranftl , Alexey Bochkovskiy , Vladlen Koltun

Deep neural networks for image classification typically consists of a convolutional feature extractor followed by a fully connected classifier network. The predicted and the ground truth labels are represented as one hot vectors. Such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Soham Saha , Girish Varma , C. V. Jawahar

After their initial success in natural language processing, transformer architectures have rapidly gained traction in computer vision, providing state-of-the-art results for tasks such as image classification, detection, segmentation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Hugo Touvron , Matthieu Cord , Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Jakob Verbeek , Hervé Jégou

The input tokens to Vision Transformers carry little semantic meaning as they are defined as regular equal-sized patches of the input image, regardless of its content. However, processing uniform background areas of an image should not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jakob Drachmann Havtorn , Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Weakly supervised learning of object detection is an important problem in image understanding that still does not have a satisfactory solution. In this paper, we address this problem by exploiting the power of deep convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Hakan Bilen , Andrea Vedaldi

Transformer has achieved great success in computer vision, while how to split patches in an image remains a problem. Existing methods usually use a fixed-size patch embedding which might destroy the semantics of objects. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Zhiyang Chen , Yousong Zhu , Chaoyang Zhao , Guosheng Hu , Wei Zeng , Jinqiao Wang , Ming Tang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become a universal backbone for both image recognition and image generation. Yet their Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) layer still performs a quadratic query-key interaction for every token pair, spending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Pu , Jixuan Ying , Qixiu Li , Tianzhu Ye , Dongchen Han , Xiaochen Wang , Ziyi Wang , Xinyu Shao , Gao Huang , Xiu Li

Transformers gain huge attention since they are first introduced and have a wide range of applications. Transformers start to take over all areas of deep learning and the Vision transformers paper also proved that they can be used for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Yiğit Gündüç

Vision Transformers achieve impressive accuracy across a range of visual recognition tasks. Unfortunately, their accuracy frequently comes with high computational costs. This is a particular issue in video recognition, where models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Matthew Dutson , Yin Li , Mohit Gupta

Unsupervised semantic segmentation aims to categorize each pixel in an image into a corresponding class without the use of annotated data. It is a widely researched area as obtaining labeled datasets is expensive. While previous works in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yau Shing Jonathan Cheung , Xi Chen , Lihe Yang , Hengshuang Zhao

Transformers are popular neural network models that use layers of self-attention and fully-connected nodes with embedded tokens. Vision Transformers (ViT) adapt transformers for image recognition tasks. In order to do this, the images are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Brian Kenji Iwana , Akihiro Kusuda

Image Classification is a fundamental task in the field of computer vision that frequently serves as a benchmark for gauging advancements in Computer Vision. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Mahmoud Khalil , Ahmad Khalil , Alioune Ngom

Vision Transformers trained only on image classification routinely transfer to tasks that demand spatial understanding, yet they receive no spatial supervision during pretraining. We ask where and how robustly such structure is encoded.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jainum Sanghavi

Tokens or patches within Vision Transformers (ViT) lack essential semantic information, unlike their counterparts in natural language processing (NLP). Typically, ViT tokens are associated with rectangular image patches that lack specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Young Kyung Kim , J. Matías Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro