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Corporate credit rating serves as a crucial intermediary service in the market economy, playing a key role in maintaining economic order. Existing credit rating models rely on financial metrics and deep learning. However, they often…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-06 Yumeng Shi , Zhongliang Yang , DiYang Lu , Yisi Wang , Yiting Zhou , Linna Zhou

Financial statement auditing is essential for stakeholders to understand a company's financial health, yet current manual processes are inefficient and error-prone. Even with extensive verification procedures, auditors frequently miss…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Rushi Wang , Jiateng Liu , Weijie Zhao , Shenglan Li , Denghui Zhang

We present ORCA (Omni Research on Calculation in AI) Benchmark - a novel benchmark that evaluates large language models (LLMs) on multi-domain, real-life quantitative reasoning using verified outputs from Omni's calculator engine. In 500…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Claudia Herambourg , Dawid Siuda , Julia Kopczyńska , Joao R. L. Santos , Wojciech Sas , Joanna Śmietańska-Nowak

In the domain of corporate credit rating, traditional deep learning methods have improved predictive accuracy but still suffer from the inherent 'black-box' problem and limited interpretability. While incorporating non-financial information…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yumeng Shi , Zhongliang Yang , Yisi Wang , Linna Zhou

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform financial analytics by integrating numerical and textual data. However, challenges such as insufficient context when fusing multimodal information and the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-14 Hoyoung Lee , Youngsoo Choi , Yuhee Kwon

This paper explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) to generate financial reports from time series data. We propose a framework encompassing prompt engineering, model selection, and evaluation. We introduce an automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Elizabeth Fons , Elena Kochkina , Rachneet Kaur , Zhen Zeng , Berowne Hlavaty , Charese Smiley , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Manuela Veloso

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing, demonstrating exceptional reasoning, tool usage, and memory capabilities. As their applications expand into multi-agent environments, there arises a need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Lin Xu , Zhiyuan Hu , Daquan Zhou , Hongyu Ren , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer , See Kiong Ng , Jiashi Feng

This study introduces a benchmark framework for evaluating the financial decision-making capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through portfolio optimization problems with mathematically explicit solutions. Unlike existing financial…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-28 Hanyong Cho , Jang Ho Kim

Natural language processing (NLP) has been widely used in quantitative finance, but traditional methods often struggle to capture rich narratives in corporate disclosures, leaving potentially informative signals under-explored. Large…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chanyeol Choi , Yoon Kim , Yu Yu , Young Cha , V. Zach Golkhou , Igor Halperin , Georgios Papaioannou , Minkyu Kim , Zhangyang Wang , Jihoon Kwon , Minjae Kim , Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Yongjae Lee

In this report we describe the development of Command A, a powerful large language model purpose-built to excel at real-world enterprise use cases. Command A is an agent-optimised and multilingual-capable model, with support for 23…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Team Cohere , : , Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Marwan Ahmed , Jay Alammar , Milad Alizadeh , Yazeed Alnumay , Sophia Althammer , Arkady Arkhangorodsky , Viraat Aryabumi , Dennis Aumiller , Raphaël Avalos , Zahara Aviv , Sammie Bae , Saurabh Baji , Alexandre Barbet , Max Bartolo , Björn Bebensee , Neeral Beladia , Walter Beller-Morales , Alexandre Bérard , Andrew Berneshawi , Anna Bialas , Phil Blunsom , Matt Bobkin , Adi Bongale , Sam Braun , Maxime Brunet , Samuel Cahyawijaya , David Cairuz , Jon Ander Campos , Cassie Cao , Kris Cao , Roman Castagné , Julián Cendrero , Leila Chan Currie , Yash Chandak , Diane Chang , Giannis Chatziveroglou , Hongyu Chen , Claire Cheng , Alexis Chevalier , Justin T. Chiu , Eugene Cho , Eugene Choi , Eujeong Choi , Tim Chung , Volkan Cirik , Ana Cismaru , Pierre Clavier , Henry Conklin , Lucas Crawhall-Stein , Devon Crouse , Andres Felipe Cruz-Salinas , Ben Cyrus , Daniel D'souza , Hugo Dalla-Torre , John Dang , William Darling , Omar Darwiche Domingues , Saurabh Dash , Antoine Debugne , Théo Dehaze , Shaan Desai , Joan Devassy , Rishit Dholakia , Kyle Duffy , Ali Edalati , Ace Eldeib , Abdullah Elkady , Sarah Elsharkawy , Irem Ergün , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Boyu Fan , Lucas Fayoux , Yannis Flet-Berliac , Nick Frosst , Matthias Gallé , Wojciech Galuba , Utsav Garg , Matthieu Geist , Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Ellen Gilsenan-McMahon , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Tomas Goldsack , Aidan Gomez , Victor Machado Gonzaga , Nithya Govindarajan , Manoj Govindassamy , Nathan Grinsztajn , Nikolas Gritsch , Patrick Gu , Shangmin Guo , Kilian Haefeli , Rod Hajjar , Tim Hawes , Jingyi He , Sebastian Hofstätter , Sungjin Hong , Sara Hooker , Tom Hosking , Stephanie Howe , Eric Hu , Renjie Huang , Hemant Jain , Ritika Jain , Nick Jakobi , Madeline Jenkins , JJ Jordan , Dhruti Joshi , Jason Jung , Trushant Kalyanpur , Siddhartha Rao Kamalakara , Julia Kedrzycki , Gokce Keskin , Edward Kim , Joon Kim , Wei-Yin Ko , Tom Kocmi , Michael Kozakov , Wojciech Kryściński , Arnav Kumar Jain , Komal Kumar Teru , Sander Land , Michael Lasby , Olivia Lasche , Justin Lee , Patrick Lewis , Jeffrey Li , Jonathan Li , Hangyu Lin , Acyr Locatelli , Kevin Luong , Raymond Ma , Lukáš Mach , Marina Machado , Joanne Magbitang , Brenda Malacara Lopez , Aryan Mann , Kelly Marchisio , Olivia Markham , Alexandre Matton , Alex McKinney , Dominic McLoughlin , Jozef Mokry , Adrien Morisot , Autumn Moulder , Harry Moynehan , Maximilian Mozes , Vivek Muppalla , Lidiya Murakhovska , Hemangani Nagarajan , Alekhya Nandula , Hisham Nasir , Shauna Nehra , Josh Netto-Rosen , Daniel Ohashi , James Owers-Bardsley , Jason Ozuzu , Dennis Padilla , Gloria Park , Sam Passaglia , Jeremy Pekmez , Laura Penstone , Aleksandra Piktus , Case Ploeg , Andrew Poulton , Youran Qi , Shubha Raghvendra , Miguel Ramos , Ekagra Ranjan , Pierre Richemond , Cécile Robert-Michon , Aurélien Rodriguez , Sudip Roy , Sebastian Ruder , Laura Ruis , Louise Rust , Anubhav Sachan , Alejandro Salamanca , Kailash Karthik Saravanakumar , Isha Satyakam , Alice Schoenauer Sebag , Priyanka Sen , Sholeh Sepehri , Preethi Seshadri , Ye Shen , Tom Sherborne , Sylvie Shang Shi , Sanal Shivaprasad , Vladyslav Shmyhlo , Anirudh Shrinivason , Inna Shteinbuk , Amir Shukayev , Mathieu Simard , Ella Snyder , Ava Spataru , Victoria Spooner , Trisha Starostina , Florian Strub , Yixuan Su , Jimin Sun , Dwarak Talupuru , Eugene Tarassov , Elena Tommasone , Jennifer Tracey , Billy Trend , Evren Tumer , Ahmet Üstün , Bharat Venkitesh , David Venuto , Pat Verga , Maxime Voisin , Alex Wang , Donglu Wang , Shijian Wang , Edmond Wen , Naomi White , Jesse Willman , Marysia Winkels , Chen Xia , Jessica Xie , Minjie Xu , Bowen Yang , Tan Yi-Chern , Ivan Zhang , Zhenyu Zhao , Zhoujie Zhao

Credit scoring is vital in the financial industry, assessing the risk of lending to credit card applicants. Traditional credit scoring methods face challenges with large datasets and data imbalance between creditworthy and non-creditworthy…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Kejian Tong , Zonglin Han , Yanxin Shen , Yujian Long , Yijing Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks. However, their proficiency and reliability in the specialized domain of financial data analysis, particularly focusing on data-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Shu Liu , Shangqing Zhao , Chenghao Jia , Xinlin Zhuang , Zhaoguang Long , Jie Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Man Lan , Qingquan Wu , Chong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various general Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their effectiveness in financial credit assessment applications remains suboptimal, primarily due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yu Lei , Zixuan Wang , Chu Liu , Tongyao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Proper implementation of technical and administrative controls reinforces an organization's cybersecurity posture and business resilience, reduces risks, and enhances governance, ultimately elevating business maturity. The dynamics of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gustavo Roberto Pinto , Arthur do Prado Labaki , Rodrigo Sanches Miani

Using large language models (LLMs) to evaluate text quality has recently gained popularity. Some prior works explore the idea of using LLMs for evaluation, while they differ in some details of the evaluation process. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Over the past years, topics ranging from climate change to human rights have seen increasing importance for investment decisions. Hence, investors (asset managers and asset owners) who wanted to incorporate these issues started to assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Tim Krappel , Alex Bogun , Damian Borth

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a greater challenge of having a rigorous and systematic evaluation of complex tasks performed, especially in enterprise applications. Therefore, LLMs need to be able to benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bing Zhang , Mikio Takeuchi , Ryo Kawahara , Shubhi Asthana , Md. Maruf Hossain , Guang-Jie Ren , Kate Soule , Yada Zhu

While test-time scaling has enabled large language models to solve highly difficult tasks, state-of-the-art results come at exorbitant compute costs. These inefficiencies can be attributed to the miscalibration of post-trained language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Cai Zhou , Zekai Wang , Menghua Wu , Qianyu Julie Zhu , Flora C. Shi , Chenyu Wang , Ashia Wilson , Tommi Jaakkola , Stephen Bates

In contemporary economic society, credit scores are crucial for every participant. A robust credit evaluation system is essential for the profitability of core businesses such as credit cards, loans, and investments for commercial banks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Qianwen Xing , Chang Yu , Sining Huang , Qi Zheng , Xingyu Mu , Mengying Sun