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For continuous action spaces, actor-critic methods are widely used in online reinforcement learning (RL). However, unlike RL algorithms for discrete actions, which generally model the optimal value function using the Bellman optimality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Motoki Omura , Kazuki Ota , Takayuki Osa , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

Learning from datasets without interaction with environments (Offline Learning) is an essential step to apply Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms in real-world scenarios. However, compared with the single-agent counterpart, offline…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yiqin Yang , Xiaoteng Ma , Chenghao Li , Zewu Zheng , Qiyuan Zhang , Gao Huang , Jun Yang , Qianchuan Zhao

Online interactions with the environment to collect data samples for training a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent is not always feasible due to economic and safety concerns. The goal of Offline Reinforcement Learning is to address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chi Zhang , Sanmukh Rao Kuppannagari , Viktor K Prasanna

Constraint-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) involves policy constraints or imposing penalties on the value function to mitigate overestimation errors caused by distributional shift. This paper focuses on a limitation in existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Junghyuk Yeom , Yonghyeon Jo , Jungmo Kim , Sanghyeon Lee , Seungyul Han

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is currently one of the most commonly used techniques for traffic signal control (TSC), which can adaptively adjusted traffic signal phase and duration according to real-time traffic data. However, a fully…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yuli. Zhang , Shangbo. Wang , Ruiyuan. Jiang

We study the offline meta-reinforcement learning (OMRL) problem, a paradigm which enables reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to quickly adapt to unseen tasks without any interactions with the environments, making RL truly practical in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Lanqing Li , Rui Yang , Dijun Luo

Link adaptation (LA) is an essential function in modern wireless communication systems that dynamically adjusts the transmission rate of a communication link to match time- and frequency-varying radio link conditions. However, factors such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Samuele Peri , Alessio Russo , Gabor Fodor , Pablo Soldati

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) looks at learning how to optimally solve tasks using a fixed dataset of interactions from the environment. Many off-policy algorithms developed for online learning struggle in the offline setting as they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Natinael Solomon Neggatu , Jeremie Houssineau , Giovanni Montana

Reinforcement learning with offline data suffers from Q-value extrapolation errors. To address this issue, we first demonstrate that linear extrapolation of the Q-function beyond the data range is particularly problematic. To mitigate this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jeonghye Kim , Yongjae Shin , Whiyoung Jung , Sunghoon Hong , Deunsol Yoon , Youngchul Sung , Kanghoon Lee , Woohyung Lim

The performance of a reinforcement learning (RL) system depends on the computational architecture used to approximate a value function. Deep learning methods provide both optimization techniques and architectures for approximating nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 John D. Martin , Joseph Modayil

The main challenge of offline reinforcement learning, where data is limited, arises from a sequence of counterfactual reasoning dilemmas within the realm of potential actions: What if we were to choose a different course of action? These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yao Liu , Pratik Chaudhari , Rasool Fakoor

Reinforcement learning tasks in real-world scenarios often involve large, high-dimensional action spaces, leading to challenges such as convergence difficulties, instability, and high computational complexity. It is widely acknowledged that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hai Lin , Cheng Huang , Zhihong Chen

This article reviews the recent advances on the statistical foundation of reinforcement learning (RL) in the offline and low-adaptive settings. We will start by arguing why offline RL is the appropriate model for almost any real-life ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ming Yin , Mengdi Wang , Yu-Xiang Wang

We propose a novel one-step supervised imitation learning (IL) framework called Adversarial Density Regression (ADR). This IL framework aims to correct the policy learned on unknown-quality to match the expert distribution by utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziqi Zhang , Zifeng Zhuang , Jingzehua Xu , Yiyuan Yang , Yubo Huang , Donglin Wang , Shuai Zhang

Among the reasons hindering reinforcement learning (RL) applications to real-world problems, two factors are critical: limited data and the mismatch between the testing environment (real environment in which the policy is deployed) and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Xiaoteng Ma , Zhipeng Liang , Jose Blanchet , Mingwen Liu , Li Xia , Jiheng Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao , Zhengyuan Zhou

In offline reinforcement learning, a policy learns to maximize cumulative rewards with a fixed collection of data. Towards conservative strategy, current methods choose to regularize the behavior policy or learn a lower bound of the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Hongchang Zhang , Jianzhun Shao , Yuhang Jiang , Shuncheng He , Xiangyang Ji

Off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) holds the promise of better data efficiency as it allows sample reuse and potentially enables safe interaction with the environment. Current off-policy policy gradient methods either suffer from high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Samuele Tosatto , João Carvalho , Jan Peters

In many real-world settings, reinforcement learning systems suffer performance degradation when the environment encountered at deployment differs from that observed during training. Distributionally robust reinforcement learning (DR-RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Debamita Ghosh , George K. Atia , Yue Wang

Most of the existing works for reinforcement learning (RL) with general function approximation (FA) focus on understanding the statistical complexity or regret bounds. However, the computation complexity of such approaches is far from being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Dingwen Kong , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Ruosong Wang , Lin F. Yang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in specific offline decision-making scenarios, yet its theoretical guarantees are still under development. Existing works on offline RL theory primarily emphasize a few trivial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Di Wu , Yuling Jiao , Li Shen , Haizhao Yang , Xiliang Lu
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