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Classical autoassociative memory models have been central to understanding emergent computations in recurrent neural circuits across diverse biological contexts. However, they typically neglect neuromodulatory agents that are known to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-17 Daiki Goto , Hector Manuel Lopez Rios , Monika Scholz , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown clear superiority in sequence modeling, particularly the ones with gated units, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). However, the dynamic properties behind the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Zhiyuan Tang , Ying Shi , Dong Wang , Yang Feng , Shiyue Zhang

Modeling the relationship between natural speech and a recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) helps us understand how the brain processes speech and has various applications in neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces. In this context, so…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-26 Mohammad Jalilpour Monesi , Bernd Accou , Jair Montoya-Martinez , Tom Francart , Hugo Van Hamme

Recurrent neural networks can be difficult to train on long sequence data due to the well-known vanishing gradient problem. Some architectures incorporate methods to reduce RNN state updates, therefore allowing the network to preserve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Matthew Thornton , Jithendar Anumula , Shih-Chii Liu

Many advances in Natural Language Processing have been based upon more expressive models for how inputs interact with the context in which they occur. Recurrent networks, which have enjoyed a modicum of success, still lack the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Gábor Melis , Tomáš Kočiský , Phil Blunsom

The need to recognise long-term dependencies in sequential data such as video streams has made Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks a prominent Artificial Intelligence model for many emerging applications. However, the high computational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-31 Alexandros Kouris , Stylianos I. Venieris , Michail Rizakis , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) enable efficient latent reasoning through depth recurrence, yet exhibit unreliable test-time scaling behavior: performance often peaks at a certain iteration depth and then collapses with further recurrence.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiao-Wen Yang , Ziyu Han , Xi-Hua Zhang , Wen-Da Wei , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

We present a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) based model that combines the remembering ability of unitary RNNs with the ability of gated RNNs to effectively forget redundant/irrelevant information in its memory. We achieve this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Li Jing , Caglar Gulcehre , John Peurifoy , Yichen Shen , Max Tegmark , Marin Soljačić , Yoshua Bengio

We introduce a recurrent neural network language model (RNN-LM) with long short-term memory (LSTM) units that utilizes both character-level and word-level inputs. Our model has a gate that adaptively finds the optimal mixture of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Yasumasa Miyamoto , Kyunghyun Cho

In order to be deployed safely, Large Language Models (LLMs) must be capable of dynamically adapting their behavior based on their level of knowledge and uncertainty associated with specific topics. This adaptive behavior, which we refer to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Alexandre Piché , Aristides Milios , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Chris Pal

A unique feature of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) is that it incrementally processes input sequences. In this research, we aim to uncover the inherent generalization properties, i.e., inductive bias, of RNNs with respect to how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Taiga Ishii , Ryo Ueda , Yusuke Miyao

Attention-based sequence-to-sequence models have shown promising results in automatic speech recognition. Using these architectures, one-dimensional input and output sequences are related by an attention approach, thereby replacing more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Parnia Bahar , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We extend the recent latent recurrent modeling to sequential input streams. By interleaving fast, recurrent latent updates with self-organizational ability between slow observation updates, our method facilitates the learning of stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shota Takashiro , Masanori Koyama , Takeru Miyato , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Kohei Hayashi

Long-term memory is essential for LLM agents that operate across multiple sessions, yet existing memory systems treat retrieval infrastructure as fixed: stored content evolves while scoring functions, fusion strategies, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jiaqi Liu , Xinyu Ye , Peng Xia , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

For the weakly supervised task of electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm classification, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are two increasingly popular classification models. This work investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Nora Vogt

Speech recognition is largely taking advantage of deep learning, showing that substantial benefits can be obtained by modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The most popular RNNs are Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs), which typically reach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Mirco Ravanelli , Philemon Brakel , Maurizio Omologo , Yoshua Bengio

While the transformer has emerged as the eminent neural architecture, several independent lines of research have emerged to address its limitations. Recurrent neural approaches have observed a lot of renewed interest, including the extended…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Sarthak Yadav , Sergios Theodoridis , Zheng-Hua Tan

Long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) are considered state-of-the art in many speech processing tasks. The recurrence in the network, in principle, allows any input to be remembered for an indefinite time, a feature…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Jeroen Zegers , Hugo Van hamme

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are at the core of modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In particular, long-short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in many speech recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-08 Titouan Parcollet , Mohamed Morchid , Georges Linarès , Renato De Mori

Long short-term memory (LSTM) is normally used in recurrent neural network (RNN) as basic recurrent unit. However,conventional LSTM assumes that the state at current time step depends on previous time step. This assumption constraints the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Fei Tao , Gang Liu