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Transformers often fail to learn generalizable algorithms, instead relying on brittle heuristics. Using graph connectivity as a testbed, we explain this phenomenon both theoretically and empirically. We consider a simplified Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Qilin Ye , Deqing Fu , Robin Jia , Vatsal Sharan

Flow map learning (FML), in conjunction with deep neural networks (DNNs), has shown promises for data driven modeling of unknown dynamical systems. A remarkable feature of FML is that it is capable of producing accurate predictive models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Victor Churchill , Dongbin Xiu

In traditional topology optimization, the computing time required to iteratively update the material distribution within a design domain strongly depends on the complexity or size of the problem, limiting its application in real engineering…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gabriel Garayalde , Matteo Torzoni , Matteo Bruggi , Alberto Corigliano

This paper demonstrates how Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) methods can be used as effective surrogate models in engineering design problems. To do so, we consider the challenging problem of structurally-performant bicycle frame design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Lyle Regenwetter , Colin Weaver , Faez Ahmed

The need to analyze graphs is ubiquitous across various fields, from social networks to biological research and recommendation systems. Therefore, enabling the ability of large language models (LLMs) to process graphs is an important step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xin Li , Weize Chen , Qizhi Chu , Haopeng Li , Zhaojun Sun , Ran Li , Chen Qian , Yiwei Wei , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun , Cheng Yang

Despite the recent success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), training GNNs on large graphs remains challenging. The limited resource capacities of the existing servers, the dependency between nodes in a graph, and the privacy concern due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Morteza Ramezani , Weilin Cong , Mehrdad Mahdavi , Mahmut T. Kandemir , Anand Sivasubramaniam

Evaluating autonomous driving systems in complex and diverse traffic scenarios through controllable simulation is essential to ensure their safety and reliability. However, existing traffic simulation methods face challenges in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhiyuan Liu , Leheng Li , Yuning Wang , Haotian Lin , Hao Cheng , Zhizhe Liu , Lei He , Jianqiang Wang

This paper presents a supervised learning method to generate continuous cost-to-go functions of non-holonomic systems directly from the workspace description. Supervision from informative examples reduces training time and improves network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jinwook Huh , Daniel D. Lee , Volkan Isler

We consider the problem of constructing embeddings of large attributed graphs and supporting multiple downstream learning tasks. We develop a graph embedding method, which is based on extending deep metric and unbiased contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Xiang Li , Gagan Agrawal , Ruoming Jin , Rajiv Ramnath

Simulation of fluid flow in porous media has many applications, from the micro-scale (cell membranes, filters, rocks) to macro-scale (groundwater, hydrocarbon reservoirs, and geothermal) and beyond. Direct simulation of flow in porous media…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-04-27 Ying Da Wang , Traiwit Chung , Ryan T. Armstrong , Peyman Mostaghimi

Graph neural networks use relational information as an inductive bias to enhance prediction performance. Not rarely, task-relevant relations are unknown and graph structure learning approaches have been proposed to learn them from data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Alessandro Manenti , Daniele Zambon , Cesare Alippi

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT have revolutionized the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Inspired by their proliferation, tremendous efforts have been devoted to Pretrained Graph Models (PGMs). Owing to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Jun Xia , Yanqiao Zhu , Yuanqi Du , Stan Z. Li

Conversational machine comprehension (MC) has proven significantly more challenging compared to traditional MC since it requires better utilization of conversation history. However, most existing approaches do not effectively capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Yu Chen , Lingfei Wu , Mohammed J. Zaki

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to process graph-structured data is an active research area, yet current state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on multi-step pipelines with Graph Neural Network (GNN) encoders that compress rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Vajda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains. However, they still face significant challenges, including high computational costs for training and limitations in solving complex reasoning problems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hang Gao , Chenhao Zhang , Tie Wang , Junsuo Zhao , Fengge Wu , Changwen Zheng , Huaping Liu

LLM routing is increasingly important for selecting suitable models under diverse user needs and deployment constraints, but its practical effectiveness depends on continual adaptation to emerging queries and newly released models. New-LLM…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jingjun Xu , Hongji Pu , Tao Feng , Haozhen Zhang , Jiaxuan You , Ge Liu

Level-sensitive latches are widely used in high- performance designs. For such circuits efficient statistical timing analysis algorithms are needed to take increasing process vari- ations into account. But existing methods solving this…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Bing Li , Ning Chen , Ulf Schlichtmann

Modern large language model-based reasoning systems frequently recompute similar reasoning steps across tasks, wasting computational resources, inflating inference latency, and limiting reproducibility. These inefficiencies underscore the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yash Raj Singh

Data association problems are an important component of many computer vision applications, with multi-object tracking being one of the most prominent examples. A typical approach to data association involves finding a graph matching or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Samuel Schulter , Paul Vernaza , Wongun Choi , Manmohan Chandraker

Query processing over big data is ubiquitous in modern clouds, where the system takes care of picking both the physical query execution plans and the resources needed to run those plans, using a cost-based query optimizer. A good cost…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Tarique Siddiqui , Alekh Jindal , Shi Qiao , Hiren Patel , Wangchao le