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Multi-agent systems perform well on general reasoning tasks. However, the lack of training in specialized areas hinders their accuracy. Current training methods train a unified large language model (LLM) for all agents in the system. This…

Tool calling has become increasingly popular for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, for large tool sets, the resulting tokens would exceed the LLM's context window limit, making it impossible to include every tool. Hence, an external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Saptarshi Sengupta , Zhengyu Zhou , Jun Araki , Xingbo Wang , Bingqing Wang , Suhang Wang , Zhe Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in tool use, yet progress in tool retrieval remains hindered by incomplete and heterogeneous tool documentation. To address this challenge, we introduce Tool-DE, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xuan Lu , Haohang Huang , Rui Meng , Yaohui Jin , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You

Recent improvements in large language models (LLMs) have had a dramatic effect on capabilities and productivity across many disciplines involving critical thinking and writing. The development of the model context protocol (MCP) provides a…

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is emerging as a standard interface through which large language model (LLM) agents discover and invoke external tools. However, existing MCP evaluations fall short along three key axes: realistic multi-step…

Recently, the astonishing performance of large language models (LLMs) in natural language comprehension and generation tasks triggered lots of exploration of using them as central controllers to build agent systems. Multiple studies focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Chenyu Wang , Weixin Luo , Sixun Dong , Xiaohua Xuan , Zhengxin Li , Lin Ma , Shenghua Gao

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized web applications, enabling intelligent search, recommendation, and assistant services with natural language interfaces. Tool-calling extends LLMs with the ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yi Zhai , Dian Shen , Junzhou Luo , Bin Yang

Multi-agent systems represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling complex problem-solving through coordinated specialized agents. However, these systems face fundamental challenges in context management,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Naveen Krishnan

Recent advances in code generation models have unlocked unprecedented opportunities for automating feature engineering, yet their adoption in real-world ML teams remains constrained by critical challenges: (i) the scarcity of datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Himanshu Thakur , Anusha Kamath , Anurag Muthyala , Dhwani Sanmukhani , Smruthi Mukund , Jay Katukuri

AI agents, empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and communication protocols such as MCP and A2A, have rapidly evolved from simple chatbots to autonomous entities capable of executing complex, multi-step tasks, demonstrating great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Erhu Feng , Wenbo Zhou , Zibin Liu , Le Chen , Yunpeng Dong , Cheng Zhang , Yisheng Zhao , Dong Du , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the construction of multi-agent systems to solve complex tasks by dividing responsibilities among specialized agents, such as a planning agent for subgoal generation and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Minghang Zhu , Zhengliang Shi , Zhiwei Xu , Shiguang Wu , Lingjie Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen

Since the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), various research based on such models have maintained significant academic attention and impact, especially in AI and robotics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework with LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Junhong Chen , Ziqi Yang , Haoyuan G Xu , Dandan Zhang , George Mylonas

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of general-purpose agents for automating end-to-end machine learning (ML) workflows, including data analysis, feature engineering, model training, and competition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hangyi Jia , Yuxi Qian , Hanwen Tong , Xinhui Wu , Lin Chen , Feng Wei

Human-AI collaboration faces growing challenges as AI systems increasingly outperform humans on complex tasks, while humans remain responsible for orchestration, validation, and decision oversight. To address this imbalance, we introduce…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yuanrong Tang , Huiling Peng , Bingxi Zhao , Hengyang Ding , Hanchao Song , Tianhong Wang , Chen Zhong , Jiangtao Gong

Current AI agents excel in familiar settings, but fail sharply when faced with novel tasks with unseen vocabularies -- a core limitation of procedural memory systems. We present the first benchmark that isolates procedural memory retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ishant Kohar , Aswanth Krishnan

As AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) increasingly use external tools for high-stakes decisions, a critical reliability question arises: how do errors propagate across sequential tool calls? We introduce the first theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Roger Wattenhofer , Yew-Soon Ong

Current Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong reasoning and tool use capabilities, but often lack self-awareness, failing to balance these approaches effectively. This imbalance leads to Tool Overuse, where models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Cheng Qian , Emre Can Acikgoz , Hongru Wang , Xiusi Chen , Avirup Sil , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Heng Ji

Recently, there has been increasing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) to construct complex multi-agent systems to perform tasks such as compiling literature reviews, drafting consumer reports, and planning vacations. Many tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Andrew Zhu , Liam Dugan , Chris Callison-Burch

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automated code generation but typically excel only in simpler tasks such as generating standalone code units. Real-world software development, however, often involves complex code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Jia Li , Ge Li , Xianjie Shi , Zhi Jin
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