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Autonomous vehicles hold great promise in improving the future of transportation. The driving models used in these vehicles are based on neural networks, which can be difficult to validate. However, ensuring the safety of these models is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Maximilian Zipfl , Sven Spickermann , J. Marius Zöllner

A major challenge in autonomous driving is the "long tail" of safety-critical edge cases, which often emerge from unusual combinations of common traffic elements. Synthesizing these scenarios is crucial, yet current controllable generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yifan Zhan , Zhengqing Chen , Qingjie Wang , Zhuo He , Muyao Niu , Xiaoyang Guo , Wei Yin , Weiqiang Ren , Qian Zhang , Yinqiang Zheng

Synthetic data has become increasingly important for training large language models, especially when real data is scarce, expensive, or privacy-sensitive. Many such generation tasks require coordinated multi-agent workflows, where…

Controllable scene generation could reduce the cost of diverse data collection substantially for autonomous driving. Prior works formulate the traffic layout generation as predictive progress, either by denoising entire sequences at once or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yunsong Zhou , Naisheng Ye , William Ljungbergh , Tianyu Li , Jiazhi Yang , Zetong Yang , Hongzi Zhu , Christoffer Petersson , Hongyang Li

Recent advances in text-to-vision generation excel in visual fidelity but struggle with compositional generalization and semantic alignment. Existing datasets are noisy and weakly compositional, limiting models' understanding of complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ziqi Gao , Weikai Huang , Jieyu Zhang , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Ranjay Krishna

Urban traffic regulation policies are increasingly used to address congestion, emissions, and accessibility in cities, yet their impacts are difficult to assess due to the socio-technical complexity of urban mobility systems. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Arianna Burzacchi , Marco Pistore

The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

3D scene generation seeks to synthesize spatially structured, semantically meaningful, and photorealistic environments for applications such as immersive media, robotics, autonomous driving, and embodied AI. Early methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Beichen Wen , Haozhe Xie , Zhaoxi Chen , Fangzhou Hong , Ziwei Liu

Autonomous driving promises safer roads, reduced congestion, and improved mobility, yet validating these systems across diverse conditions remains a major challenge. Real-world testing is expensive, time-consuming, and sometimes unsafe,…

Generating multi-vehicle interaction scenarios can benefit motion planning and decision making of autonomous vehicles when on-road data is insufficient. This paper presents an efficient approach to generate varied multi-vehicle interaction…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Weiyang Zhang , Wenshuo Wang , Ding Zhao

Datasets are essential for training and testing vehicle perception algorithms. However, the collection and annotation of real-world images is time-consuming and expensive. Driving simulators offer a solution by automatically generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haonan Zhao , Yiting Wang , Thomas Bashford-Rogers , Valentina Donzella , Kurt Debattista

Generating safety-critical scenarios, which are crucial yet difficult to collect, provides an effective way to evaluate the robustness of autonomous driving systems. However, the diversity of scenarios and efficiency of generation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

One core challenge in the development of automated vehicles is their capability to deal with a multitude of complex trafficscenarios with many, hard to predict traffic participants. As part of the iterative development process, it is…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lars Töttel , Maximilian Zipfl , Daniel Bogdoll , Marc René Zofka , J. Marius Zöllner

Evaluating the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires diverse, safety-critical scenarios, with collisions being especially important yet rare and unsafe to collect in the real world. Therefore, the community has been focusing on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pin-Lun Chen , Chi-Hsi Kung , Che-Han Chang , Wei-Chen Chiu , Yi-Ting Chen

While the accuracy of face recognition systems has improved significantly in recent years, the datasets used to train these models are often collected through web crawling without the explicit consent of users, raising ethical and privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Anjith George , Sebastien Marcel

Systems engineering approaches use high-level models to capture the architecture and behavior of the system. However, when safety engineers conduct safety and reliability analysis, they have to create formal models, such as fault-trees,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Simon József Nagy , Bence Graics , Kristóf Marussy , András Vörös

High-quality structured data with rich annotations are critical components in intelligent vehicle systems dealing with road scenes. However, data curation and annotation require intensive investments and yield low-diversity scenarios. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Shubham Dokania , Anbumani Subramanian , Manmohan Chandraker , C. V. Jawahar

Automated driving system deployment requires rigorous validation across safety-critical vehicle-pedestrian interactions, yet real-world datasets rarely capture high-risk scenarios while simulation platforms lack realistic behavior. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingwen Pu , Kun Xie , Yuan Zhu , Guocong Zhai

Causal Representation Learning (CRL) aims to uncover the data-generating process and identify the underlying causal variables and relations, whose evaluation remains inherently challenging due to the requirement of known ground-truth causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Guangyi Chen , Yunlong Deng , Peiyuan Zhu , Yan Li , Yifan Shen , Zijian Li , Kun Zhang

With the increasing safety validation requirements for the release of a self-driving car, alternative approaches, such as simulation-based testing, are emerging in addition to conventional real-world testing. In order to rely on virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch