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We study the challenging task of neural network quantization without end-to-end retraining, called Post-training Quantization (PTQ). PTQ usually requires a small subset of training data but produces less powerful quantized models than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yuhang Li , Ruihao Gong , Xu Tan , Yang Yang , Peng Hu , Qi Zhang , Fengwei Yu , Wei Wang , Shi Gu

Network quantization generally converts full-precision weights and/or activations into low-bit fixed-point values in order to accelerate an inference process. Recent approaches to network quantization further discretize the gradients into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Dohyung Kim , Junghyup Lee , Jeimin Jeon , Jaehyeon Moon , Bumsub Ham

Tiny machine learning (tinyML) has emerged during the past few years aiming to deploy machine learning models to embedded AI processors with highly constrained memory and computation capacity. Low precision quantization is an important…

Quantization of the weights and activations is one of the main methods to reduce the computational footprint of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training. Current methods enable 4-bit quantization of the forward phase. However, this constitutes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Brian Chmiel , Ron Banner , Elad Hoffer , Hilla Ben Yaacov , Daniel Soudry

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating memory consumption and computational costs in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic examination of various quantization schemes, model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhewei Yao , Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Stephen Youn , Yuxiong He

Quantizing deep neural networks is an effective method for reducing memory consumption and improving inference speed, and is thus useful for implementation in resource-constrained devices. However, it is still hard for extremely low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Kohei Yamamoto

This paper examines the use of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) for two resource-constrained scientific applications: automated calibration of semi-conductor quantum bits (qubits) and scientific particle detectors. We evaluate the…

Although deep neural networks are highly effective, their high computational and memory costs severely challenge their applications on portable devices. As a consequence, low-bit quantization, which converts a full-precision neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jiwei Yang , Xu Shen , Jun Xing , Xinmei Tian , Houqiang Li , Bing Deng , Jianqiang Huang , Xiansheng Hua

As wireless communication systems advance toward Sixth Generation (6G) Radio Access Networks (RAN), Deep Learning (DL)-based neural receivers are emerging as transformative solutions for Physical Layer (PHY) processing, delivering superior…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 SaiKrishna Saketh Yellapragada , Esa Ollila , Mario Costa

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical approach to compress large neural networks, making them highly efficient for deployment. However, effectively reducing these models to their low-bit counterparts without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aozhong Zhang , Zi Yang , Naigang Wang , Yingyong Qi , Jack Xin , Xin Li , Penghang Yin

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has recently emerged as an effective tool for reducing the computational complexity and memory usage of a neural network by representing its weights and activations with lower precision. While this paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Logan Frank , Paul Ardis

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) are often used to improve network efficiency during the inference phase, i.e. after the network has been trained. Extensive research in the field suggests many different quantization schemes. Still, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Ron Banner , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Recently, vision transformers (ViTs) have superseded convolutional neural networks in numerous applications, including classification, detection, and segmentation. However, the high computational requirements of ViTs hinder their widespread…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jemin Lee , Yongin Kwon , Sihyeong Park , Misun Yu , Jeman Park , Hwanjun Song

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be made hardware-efficient by reducing the numerical precision of the weights and activations of the network and by improving the network's resilience to noise. However, this gain in efficiency often comes at…

Although considerable progress has been obtained in neural network quantization for efficient inference, existing methods are not scalable to heterogeneous devices as one dedicated model needs to be trained, transmitted, and stored for one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hai Wu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Xiaojuan Qi , Kaibin Huang

Deep neural networks are widely deployed with quantization techniques to reduce memory and computational costs by lowering the numerical precision of their parameters. While quantization alters model parameters and their outputs, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Chenxiang Zhang , Tongxi Qu , Zhong Li , Tian Zhang , Jun Pang , Sjouke Mauw

Quantizing a floating-point neural network to its fixed-point representation is crucial for Learned Image Compression (LIC) because it improves decoding consistency for interoperability and reduces space-time complexity for implementation.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Junqi Shi , Ming Lu , Zhan Ma

Efficiently serving neural network models with low latency is becoming more challenging due to increasing model complexity and parameter count. Model quantization offers a solution which simultaneously reduces memory footprint and compute…

Quantization is a technique used in deep neural networks (DNNs) to increase execution performance and hardware efficiency. Uniform post-training quantization (PTQ) methods are common, since they can be implemented efficiently in hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Gil Shomron , Freddy Gabbay , Samer Kurzum , Uri Weiser

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe performance degradation when facing extremely low-bit (sub 2-bit) quantization. Several existing sub 2-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) methods utilize a mix-precision scheme by leveraging an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Ming Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Kaihao Zhang , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang