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Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to help human decision-makers in understanding complex machine learning (ML) models. One of the hallmarks of XAI are measures of relative feature importance, which are theoretically justified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Joao Marques-Silva , Xuanxiang Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown promise for complex tasks, yet current training methods lack principled ways to connect system-level evaluation with agent-level and message-level learning. We propose a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Chih-Hsuan Yang , Tanwi Mallick , Le Chen , Krishnan Raghavan , Azton Wells , Amal Gueroudji , Ian T. Foster , Rajeev Thakur

This paper proposes a novel approach to explain the predictions made by data-driven methods. Since such predictions rely heavily on the data used for training, explanations that convey information about how the training data affects the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-09 Andreas Brandsæter , Ingrid K. Glad

Shapley values has established itself as one of the most appropriate and theoretically sound frameworks for explaining predictions from complex machine learning models. The popularity of Shapley values in the explanation setting is probably…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-24 Martin Jullum , Annabelle Redelmeier , Kjersti Aas

Machine learning transparency calls for interpretable explanations of how inputs relate to predictions. Feature attribution is a way to analyze the impact of features on predictions. Feature interactions are the contextual dependence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-22 Michael Tsang , Sirisha Rambhatla , Yan Liu

Explainability in AI is crucial for model development, compliance with regulation, and providing operational nuance to predictions. The Shapley framework for explainability attributes a model's predictions to its input features in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Christopher Frye , Damien de Mijolla , Tom Begley , Laurence Cowton , Megan Stanley , Ilya Feige

Explaining AI systems is fundamental both to the development of high performing models and to the trust placed in them by their users. The Shapley framework for explainability has strength in its general applicability combined with its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-21 Christopher Frye , Colin Rowat , Ilya Feige

Feature attribution methods are a popular approach to explain the behavior of machine learning models. They assign importance scores to each input feature, quantifying their influence on the model's prediction. However, evaluating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Magamed Taimeskhanov , Damien Garreau

This work focuses on developing efficient post-hoc explanations for quantum AI algorithms. In classical contexts, the cooperative game theory concept of the Shapley value adapts naturally to post-hoc explanations, where it can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Iain Burge , Michel Barbeau , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

Cohort Shapley value is a model-free method of variable importance grounded in game theory that does not use any unobserved and potentially impossible feature combinations. We use it to evaluate algorithmic fairness, using the well known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Masayoshi Mase , Art B. Owen , Benjamin B. Seiler

Feature attribution methods based on game theory are ubiquitous in the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Recent works proposed rigorous feature attribution using logic-based explanations, specifically targeting high-stakes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xuanxiang Huang , Olivier Létoffé , Joao Marques-Silva

A central goal of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to assign relative importance to the features of a Machine Learning (ML) model given some prediction. The importance of this task of explainability by feature attribution is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Olivier Letoffe , Xuanxiang Huang , Nicholas Asher , Joao Marques-Silva

Social intelligence, the ability to navigate complex interpersonal interactions, presents a fundamental challenge for language agents. Training such agents via reinforcement learning requires solving the credit assignment problem:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xiachong Feng , Yi Jiang , Xiaocheng Feng , Deyi Yin , Libo Qin , Yangfan Ye , Lei Huang , Weitao Ma , Yuxuan Gu , Chonghan Qin , Bing Qin , Lingpeng Kong

This paper introduces the shapr R package, a versatile tool for generating Shapley value-based prediction explanations for machine learning and statistical regression models. Moreover, the shaprpy Python library brings the core capabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Martin Jullum , Lars Henry Berge Olsen , Jon Lachmann , Annabelle Redelmeier

Quantifying the inconsistency of a database is motivated by various goals including reliability estimation for new datasets and progress indication in data cleaning. Another goal is to attribute to individual tuples a level of…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ester Livshits , Benny Kimelfeld

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate potential to estimate the probability of uncertain events, by leveraging their extensive knowledge and reasoning capabilities. This ability can be applied to support intelligent decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yang Nan , Qihao Wen , Jiahao Wang , Pengfei He , Ravi Tandon , Yong Ge , Han Xu

Data attribution methods quantify the influence of training data on model outputs and are becoming increasingly relevant for a wide range of LLM research and applications, including dataset curation, model interpretability, data valuation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Cathy Jiao , Yijun Pan , Emily Xiao , Daisy Sheng , Niket Jain , Hanzhang Zhao , Ishita Dasgupta , Jiaqi W. Ma , Chenyan Xiong

With the adoption of machine learning-based solutions in routine clinical practice, the need for reliable interpretability tools has become pressing. Shapley values provide local explanations. The method gained popularity in recent years.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Lucile Ter-Minassian , Sahra Ghalebikesabi , Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Chris Holmes

Feature attribution methods explain black-box machine learning (ML) models by assigning importance scores to input features. These methods can be computationally expensive for large ML models. To address this challenge, there has been…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Lucas Monteiro Paes , Dennis Wei , Flavio P. Calmon

Feature attribution methods, such as SHAP and LIME, explain machine learning model predictions by quantifying the influence of each input component. When applying feature attributions to explain language models, a basic question is defining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Alan Boyle , Furui Cheng , Vilém Zouhar , Mennatallah El-Assady
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