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The globalization of semiconductor supply chains has exposed Network-on-Chip (NoC) interconnects in System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures to critical security risks, including reverse engineering and IP theft. To address these threats, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Dipal Halder

In large-scale distributed LLM training, communication between devices becomes the key performance bottleneck. Chiplet technology can integrate multiple dies into a package to scale-up node performance with higher bandwidth. Meanwhile,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kangbo Bai , Zhantong Zhu , Yifan Ding , Tianyu Jia

Deploying advanced large language models on edge devices, such as smartphones and robotics, is a growing trend that enhances user data privacy and network connectivity resilience while preserving intelligent capabilities. However, such a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Zhongkai Yu , Shengwen Liang , Tianyun Ma , Yunke Cai , Ziyuan Nan , Di Huang , Xinkai Song , Yifan Hao , Jie Zhang , Tian Zhi , Yongwei Zhao , Zidong Du , Xing Hu , Qi Guo , Tianshi Chen

Chiplet-based integration enables large-scale systems that combine diverse technologies, enabling higher yield, lower costs, and scalability, making them well-suited to AI workloads. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Alish Kanani , Lukas Pfromm , Harsh Sharma , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Umit Y. Ogras

Fast-evolving artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms such as large language models have been driving the ever-increasing computing demands in today's data centers. Heterogeneous computing with domain-specific architectures (DSAs) brings…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhuoping Yang , Shixin Ji , Xingzhen Chen , Jinming Zhuang , Weifeng Zhang , Dharmesh Jani , Peipei Zhou

Computing-in-Memory (CiM) architectures aim to reduce costly data transfers by performing arithmetic and logic operations in memory and hence relieve the pressure due to the memory wall. However, determining whether a given workload can…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Di Gao , Dayane Reis , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Cheng Zhuo

While deep neural network (DNN)-based video denoising has demonstrated significant performance, deploying state-of-the-art models on edge devices remains challenging due to stringent real-time and energy efficiency requirements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shan Gao , Zhiqiang Wu , Yawen Niu , Xiaotao Li , Qingqing Xu

To overcome the well-known memory bottleneck of AI chips, 3D stacked architectures that employ advanced packaging technology with high-density through-silicon vias (TSVs) pins have proven to be a promising solution. The 3D-stacked AI chip…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yiqi Liu , Noelle Crawford , Michael Wang , Jilong Xue , Jian Huang

Recent works have introduced task-based parallelization schemes to accelerate graph search and sparse data-structure traversal, where some solutions scale up to thousands of processing units (PUs) on a single chip. However parallelizing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Marcelo Orenes-Vera , Esin Tureci , David Wentzlaff , Margaret Martonosi

Last level cache management and core interconnection network play important roles in performance and power consumption in multicore system. Large scale chip multicore uses mesh interconnect widely due to scalability and simplicity of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-14 Navin Kumar , Aryabartta Sahu

We present a roadmap for open-source chiplet-based RISC-V systems targeting high-performance computing and artificial intelligence, aiming to close the performance gap to proprietary designs. Starting with Occamy, the first open,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Paul Scheffler , Thomas Benz , Tim Fischer , Lorenzo Leone , Sina Arjmandpour , Luca Benini

We study the application of emerging chiplet-based Neural Processing Units to accelerate vehicular AI perception workloads in constrained automotive settings. The motivation stems from how chiplets technology is becoming integral to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mohanad Odema , Luke Chen , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) computation systems face challenges, primarily from the memory-wall issue, limiting overall system-level performance, especially for Edge devices with constrained battery budgets, such as smartphones,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Lucas Huijbregts , Liu Hsiao-Hsuan , Paul Detterer , Said Hamdioui , Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Rajendra Bishnoi

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) is accelerating the integration of multimodal assistants into edge devices, where inference is executed under stringent latency and energy constraints, often exacerbated by intermittent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yanru Chen , Runyang Tian , Yue Pan , Zheyu Li , Weihong Xu , Tajana Rosing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, but their training and finetuning require massive computation and memory, necessitating parallelism which introduces heavy communication overheads. Driven by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zongle Huang , Shupei Fan , Chen Tang , Xinyuan Lin , Shuwen Deng , Yongpan Liu

The chiplet-based System-in-Package~(SiP) technology enables more design flexibility via various inter-chiplet connection and heterogeneous integration. However, it is not known how to convert such flexibility into cost efficiency, which is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Tianqi Tang , Yuan Xie

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising computing paradigm to tackle the "memory wall" challenge. However, PIM system-level benefits over traditional von Neumann architecture can be reduced when the memory array cannot fully store all the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Peilin Chen , Xiaoxuan Yang

With the increased attention to memristive-based in-memory analog computing (IMAC) architectures as an alternative for energy-hungry computer systems for machine learning applications, a tool that enables exploring their device- and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Md Hasibul Amin , Mohammed E. Elbtity , Ramtin Zand

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly data-intensive due to growing model sizes, and they are becoming memory-bound as the context length and, consequently, the key-value (KV) cache size increase. Inference, particularly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Khyati Kiyawat , Zhenxing Fan , Yasas Seneviratne , Morteza Baradaran , Akhil Shekar , Zihan Xia , Mingu Kang , Kevin Skadron

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising computing paradigm to address the memory wall and the fundamental bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture by reducing costly data movement between memory and processing units. As with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahdi Aghaei , Saba Ebrahimi , Mohammad Saleh Arafati , Elham Cheshmikhani , Dara Rahmati , Saeid Gorgin , Jungrae Kim