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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising approach for enabling robots to follow language instructions and predict corresponding actions. However, current VLA models mainly rely on 2D visual inputs, neglecting the rich…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lin Sun , Bin Xie , Yingfei Liu , Hao Shi , Tiancai Wang , Jiale Cao

The fundamental premise of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is to harness the extensive general capabilities of pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for generalized embodied intelligence. However, standard robotic fine-tuning…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong performance on embodied manipulation, yet they remain brittle under visual observation changes, paraphrased language instructions, and compounded perturbations. This limitation suggests…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jingzhou Luo , Yifan Wen , Yongjie Bai , Xinshuai Song , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

Vision-Language-Action models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by unifying perception, language grounding, and action generation. However, they often struggle in scenarios requiring precise spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tao Lin , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Nuobei Zhu , Yunhe Li , Yuqian Fu , Yinxinyu Chen , Hongyi Cai , Zewei Ye , Bing Cheng , Kai Ye , Yiran Mao , Yilei Zhong , MingKang Dong , Junchi Yan , Gen Li , Bo Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are emerging as a next-generation paradigm for robotics. We introduce dVLA, a diffusion-based VLA that leverages a multimodal chain-of-thought to unify visual perception, language reasoning, and robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Wen , Minjie Zhu , Jiaming Liu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Linfeng Zhang , Shanghang Zhang , Yichen Zhu , Yi Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown impressive generalization and language-guided manipulation capabilities. However, their performance degrades on tasks requiring precise spatial reasoning due to limited spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tianyuan Yuan , Yicheng Liu , Chenhao Lu , Zhuoguang Chen , Tao Jiang , Hang Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide a promising paradigm for robot learning by integrating visual perception with language-guided policy learning. However, most existing approaches rely on 2D visual inputs to perform actions in 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yicheng Feng , Wanpeng Zhang , Ye Wang , Hao Luo , Haoqi Yuan , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

Deploying powerful Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on edge devices is limited by their massive size. In this paper, we take a deployment-oriented view of VLA training: we target efficiency through model design and optimization, rather…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hongyu Wang , Chuyan Xiong , Ruiping Wang , Xilin Chen

Embodied intelligence systems, which enhance agent capabilities through continuous environment interactions, have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. Vision-Language-Action models, inspired by advancements in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haoran Li , Yuhui Chen , Wenbo Cui , Weiheng Liu , Kai Liu , Mingcai Zhou , Zhengtao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have advanced general-purpose robotic manipulation by leveraging pretrained visual and linguistic representations. However, they struggle with contact-rich tasks that require fine-grained control…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for enabling generalist robots capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in the real world. These models usually build upon pretrained Vision-Language Models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Tao Lin , Gen Li , Yilei Zhong , Yanwen Zou , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Encheng Gu , Bo Zhao

The rise of foundation models paves the way for generalist robot policies in the physical world. Existing methods relying on text-only instructions often struggle to generalize to unseen scenarios. We argue that interleaved image-text…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models integrate visual observations and language instructions to predict robot actions, demonstrating promising generalization in manipulation tasks. However, most existing approaches primarily rely on direct…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jiasong Xiao , Yutao She , Kai Li , Yuyang Sha , Ziang Cheng , Ziang Tong

Successful generalist Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on effective training across diverse robotic platforms with large-scale, cross-embodiment, heterogeneous datasets. To facilitate and leverage the heterogeneity in rich, diverse…

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Vision-language-action (VLA) models hold promise as generalist robotics solutions by translating visual and linguistic inputs into robot actions, yet they lack reliability due to their black-box nature and sensitivity to environmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hong Lu , Hengxu Li , Prithviraj Singh Shahani , Stephanie Herbers , Matthias Scheutz

Leveraging diverse robotic data for pretraining remains a critical challenge. Existing methods typically model the dataset's action distribution using simple observations as inputs. However, these inputs are often incomplete, resulting in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jiahui Zhang , Yurui Chen , Yueming Xu , Ze Huang , Yanpeng Zhou , Yu-Jie Yuan , Xinyue Cai , Guowei Huang , Xingyue Quan , Hang Xu , Li Zhang

General 3D foundation models have started to lead the trend of unifying diverse vision tasks, yet most assume RGB-only inputs and ignore readily available geometric cues (e.g., camera intrinsics, poses, and depth maps). To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Haosong Peng , Hao Li , Yalun Dai , Yushi Lan , Yihang Luo , Tianyu Qi , Zhengshen Zhang , Yufeng Zhan , Junfei Zhang , Wenchao Xu , Ziwei Liu

Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often suffer from feature collapse and low training efficiency because they entangle high-level perception with sparse, embodiment-specific action supervision. Since these models typically rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haitao Lin , Hanyang Yu , Jingshun Huang , He Zhang , Yonggen Ling , Ping Tan , Xiangyang Xue , Yanwei Fu

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation. However, the visual representations of most VLA models are often dominated by global object appearance and struggle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Weijie Kong , Zhian Su , Wei Yu , Huixu Dong