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The widespread code reuse allows vulnerabilities to proliferate among a vast variety of firmware. There is an urgent need to detect these vulnerable code effectively and efficiently. By measuring code similarities, AI-based binary code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Shouguo Yang , Chaopeng Dong , Yang Xiao , Yiran Cheng , Zhiqiang Shi , Zhi Li , Limin Sun

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Disassembly of binary code is hard, but necessary for improving the security of binary software. Over the past few decades, research in binary disassembly has produced many tools and frameworks, which have been made available to researchers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Chengbin Pang , Ruotong Yu , Yaohui Chen , Eric Koskinen , Georgios Portokalidis , Bing Mao , Jun Xu

Binary code similarity detection is a fundamental technique for many security applications such as vulnerability search, patch analysis, and malware detection. There is an increasing need to detect similar code for vulnerability search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Shouguo Yang , Long Cheng , Yicheng Zeng , Zhe Lang , Hongsong Zhu , Zhiqiang Shi

Binary code analysis has immense importance in the research domain of software security. Today, software is very often compiled for various Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs). As a result, cross-architecture binary code analysis has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Iftakhar Ahmad , Lannan Luo

Cryptographic digests (e.g., MD5, SHA-256) are designed to provide exact identity. Any single-bit change in the input produces a completely different hash, which is ideal for integrity verification but limits their usefulness in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Udbhav Prasad , Aniesh Chawla

Binary function similarity, which often relies on learning-based algorithms to identify what functions in a pool are most similar to a given query function, is a sought-after topic in different communities, including machine learning,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Gianluca Capozzi , Tong Tang , Jie Wan , Ziqi Yang , Daniele Cono D'Elia , Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Leonardo Querzoni

Function-level binary code similarity detection is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity. It enables the detection of bugs and patent infringements in released software and plays a pivotal role in preventing supply chain attacks. A practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Sun RuiJin , Guo Shize , Guo Jinhong , Li Wei , Zhan Dazhi , Sun Meng , Pan Zhisong

Security of software supply chains is necessary to ensure that software updates do not contain maliciously injected code or introduce vulnerabilities that may compromise the integrity of critical infrastructure. Verifying the integrity of…

Binary code analysis is widely used to assess a program's correctness, performance, and provenance. Binary analysis applications often construct control flow graphs, analyze data flow, and use debugging information to understand how machine…

Binary analysis remains pivotal in software security, offering insights into compiled programs without source code access. As large language models (LLMs) continue to excel in diverse language understanding and generation tasks, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiuwei Shang , Guoqiang Chen , Shaoyin Cheng , Benlong Wu , Li Hu , Gangyang Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Binary Code Similarity Detection (BCSD) is significant for software security as it can address binary tasks such as malicious code snippets identification and binary patch analysis by comparing code patterns. Recently, there has been a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Kaiyan He , Yikun Hu , Xuehui Li , Yunhao Song , Yubo Zhao , Dawu Gu

Binary code similarity approaches compare two or more pieces of binary code to identify their similarities and differences. The ability to compare binary code enables many real-world applications on scenarios where source code may not be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Irfan Ul Haq , Juan Caballero

The identification of vulnerabilities is an important element in the software development life cycle to ensure the security of software. While vulnerability identification based on the source code is a well studied field, the identification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Andreas Schaad , Dominik Binder

Binary function similarity detection plays an important role in a wide range of security applications. Existing works usually assume that the query function and target function share equal semantics and compare their full semantics to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Ang Jia , Ming Fan , Xi Xu , Wuxia Jin , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

Clone detection is widely exploited for software vulnerability search. The approaches based on source code analysis cannot be applied to binary clone detection because the same source code can produce significantly different binaries. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Jian Gao , Yu Jiang , Zhe Liu , Xin Yang , Cong Wang , Xun Jiao , Zijiang Yang , Jiaguang Sun

The proliferation of deepfake imagery poses escalating challenges for practitioners tasked with verifying digital media authenticity. While detection algorithm research is abundant, empirical evaluations of publicly accessible tools that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Michael Rettinger , Ben Beaumont , Nhien-An Le-Khac , Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is a promising approach to tackle the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks. However, since Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Miguel Silva , Daniela Pinto , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça , Ivone Amorim , Maria João Viamonte

Binary code similarity detection is to detect the similarity of code at binary (assembly) level without source code. Existing works have their limitations when dealing with mutated binary code generated by different compiling options. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zian Liu

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis