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Online bilevel optimization (OBO) has emerged as a powerful framework for many machine learning problems. Prior works have developed several algorithms that minimize the standard bilevel local regret or the window-averaged bilevel local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tingkai Jia , Haiguang Wang , Cheng Chen

In this work, we study nonconvex-strongly convex online bilevel optimization (OBO) using only first-order oracle. Existing OBO algorithms are mainly based on hypergradient descent, which requires access to a Hessian-vector product (HVP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tingkai Jia , Cheng Chen

Bilevel optimization methods are increasingly relevant within machine learning, especially for tasks such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. Compared to the offline setting, online bilevel optimization (OBO) offers a more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Jason Bohne , David Rosenberg , Gary Kazantsev , Pawel Polak

Bilevel optimization has become a powerful tool in a wide variety of machine learning problems. However, the current nonconvex bilevel optimization considers an offline dataset and static functions, which may not work well in emerging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-10 Sen Lin , Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

In this paper, we develop a novel virtual-queue-based online algorithm for online convex optimization (OCO) problems with long-term and time-varying constraints and conduct a performance analysis with respect to the dynamic regret and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Qingsong Liu , Wenfei Wu , Longbo Huang , Zhixuan Fang

Bayesian optimisation (BO) is a well-known efficient algorithm for finding the global optimum of expensive, black-box functions. The current practical BO algorithms have regret bounds ranging from $\mathcal{O}(\frac{logN}{\sqrt{N}})$ to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hung Tran-The , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Svetha Venkatesh

In this work, we study first-order algorithms for solving Bilevel Optimization (BO) where the objective functions are smooth but possibly nonconvex in both levels and the variables are restricted to closed convex sets. As a first step, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Jeongyeol Kwon , Dohyun Kwon , Stephen Wright , Robert Nowak

We consider bidding in repeated Bayesian first-price auctions. Bidding algorithms that achieve optimal regret have been extensively studied, but their strategic robustness to the seller's manipulation remains relatively underexplored.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yang Cai , Haipeng Luo , Chen-Yu Wei , Weiqiang Zheng

This paper introduces a novel caching analysis that, contrary to prior work, makes no modeling assumptions for the file request sequence. We cast the caching problem in the framework of Online Linear Optimization (OLO), and introduce a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Georgios S. Paschos , Apostolos Destounis , Luigi Vigneri , George Iosifidis

Bilevel optimization (BO) is useful for solving a variety of important machine learning problems including but not limited to hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, continual learning, and reinforcement learning. Conventional BO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Mao Ye , Bo Liu , Stephen Wright , Peter Stone , Qiang Liu

Stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) has been integrated into many machine learning paradigms recently, including hyperparameter optimization, meta learning, and reinforcement learning. Along with the wide range of applications, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xuelin Zhang , Hong Chen , Bin Gu , Tieliang Gong , Feng Zheng

Zeroth-order optimization (ZO) typically relies on two-point feedback to estimate the unknown gradient of the objective function. Nevertheless, two-point feedback can not be used for online optimization of time-varying objective functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Yan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Kaiyi Ji , Michael M. Zavlanos

This paper introduces \textit{online bilevel optimization} in which a sequence of time-varying bilevel problems is revealed one after the other. We extend the known regret bounds for online single-level algorithms to the bilevel setting.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Parvin Nazari , Bojian Hou , Li Shen , Laura Balzano

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu

Functional bilevel optimization (FBO) provides a powerful framework for hierarchical learning in function spaces, yet current methods are limited to static offline settings and perform suboptimally in online, non-stationary scenarios. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-23 Jason Bohne , Ieva Petrulionyte , Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal , Paweł Polak

We study the problem of online convex optimization (OCO) under unknown linear constraints that are either static, or stochastically time-varying. For this problem, we introduce an algorithm that we term Optimistically Safe OCO (OSOCO) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Spencer Hutchinson , Tianyi Chen , Mahnoosh Alizadeh

We present new efficient \textit{projection-free} algorithms for online convex optimization (OCO), where by projection-free we refer to algorithms that avoid computing orthogonal projections onto the feasible set, and instead relay on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Dan Garber , Ben Kretzu

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful paradigm for optimizing expensive black-box functions. Traditional BO methods typically rely on separate hand-crafted acquisition functions and surrogate models for the underlying function, and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Fengxue Zhang , Yuxin Chen

In this paper, we consider two paradigms that are developed to account for uncertainty in optimization models: robust optimization (RO) and joint estimation-optimization (JEO). We examine recent developments on efficient and scalable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-16 Nam Ho-Nguyen , Fatma Kilinc-Karzan

Online linear programming plays an important role in both revenue management and resource allocation, and recent research has focused on developing efficient first-order online learning algorithms. Despite the empirical success of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-07 Wenzhi Gao , Dongdong Ge , Chenyu Xue , Chunlin Sun , Yinyu Ye
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