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Safe, socially compliant, and efficient navigation of low-speed autonomous vehicles (AVs) in pedestrian-rich environments necessitates considering pedestrians' future positions and interactions with the vehicle and others. Despite the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mahsa Golchoubian , Moojan Ghafurian , Kerstin Dautenhahn , Nasser Lashgarian Azad

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is currently the leading approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. Typically, these models rely on extensive offline preference datasets for training. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Avinandan Bose , Zhihan Xiong , Aadirupa Saha , Simon Shaolei Du , Maryam Fazel

Human-in-the-loop (HiL) reinforcement learning is gaining traction in domains with large action and state spaces, and sparse rewards by allowing the agent to take advice from HiL. Beyond advice accommodation, a sequential decision-making…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Mudit Verma , Ayush Kharkwal , Subbarao Kambhampati

Humanoid locomotion requires not only accurate command tracking for navigation but also compliant responses to external forces during human interaction. Despite significant progress, existing RL approaches mainly emphasize robustness,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tingxuan Leng , Yushi Wang , Tinglong Zheng , Changsheng Luo , Mingguo Zhao

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has become essential for safe and beneficial AI deployment. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) established the dominant paradigm, a proliferation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tarun Raheja , Nilay Pochhi

In this work, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) structure which is capable of performing autonomous vehicle planning tasks in simulated environments with multiple sub-goals. In this hierarchical structure, the network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zhiqian Qiao , Zachariah Tyree , Priyantha Mudalige , Jeff Schneider , John M. Dolan

Shaping powerful LLMs to be beneficial and safe is central to AI alignment. We argue that post-training alignment is fundamentally a unified Preference Learning problem, involving two modalities: demonstrated preferences (e.g., Supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 FaQiang Qian , WeiKun Zhang , Ziliang Wang , Kang An , Xuhui Zheng , Liangjian Wen , Mengya Gao , Yong Dai , Yichao Wu

Fine-grained control over large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge, hindering their adaptability to diverse user needs. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) shows promise in aligning LLMs, its reliance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Haoxiang Wang , Yong Lin , Wei Xiong , Rui Yang , Shizhe Diao , Shuang Qiu , Han Zhao , Tong Zhang

In this paper, we propose Sparse Imitation Reinforcement Learning (SIRL), a hybrid end-to-end control policy that combines the sparse expert driving knowledge with reinforcement learning (RL) policy for autonomous driving (AD) task in CARLA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yuci Han , Alper Yilmaz

Autopilot systems are typically composed of an "inner loop" providing stability and control, while an "outer loop" is responsible for mission-level objectives, e.g. way-point navigation. Autopilot systems for UAVs are predominately…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-04-13 William Koch , Renato Mancuso , Richard West , Azer Bestavros

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as an important approach for learning from human preferences in aligning large language models (LLMs). However, collecting human preference data is costly and inefficient, motivating methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiacheng Guo , Zihao Li , Jiahao Qiu , Yue Wu , Mengdi Wang

Customizing robotic behaviors to be aligned with diverse human preferences is an underexplored challenge in the field of embodied AI. In this paper, we present Promptable Behaviors, a novel framework that facilitates efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Minyoung Hwang , Luca Weihs , Chanwoo Park , Kimin Lee , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Kiana Ehsani

We address the problem of making a pre-trained reinforcement learning (RL) policy safety-aware by incorporating cost constraints without retraining it from scratch. While costs could be numerically encoded, we assume a more general setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Richa Verma , Bavish Kulur , Sanjay Chawla , Balaraman Ravindran

The upgrading and updating of vehicles have accelerated in the past decades. Out of the need for environmental friendliness and intelligence, electric vehicles (EVs) and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have become new components of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Xia Jiang , Jian Zhang , Xiaoyu Shi , Jian Cheng

Reward models (RMs) are central to aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, powering RLHF and advanced decoding strategies. While most prior work focuses on single-step generation, real-world applications increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xingyu Fan , Wei Shao , Jiacheng Liu , Linqi Song , Pheng Ann Heng

Autonomous UAV inspection of confined industrial infrastructure, such as ventilation ducts, demands robust navigation policies where collisions are unacceptable. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a powerful paradigm for…

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for exploration-driven monitoring in hazardous environments such as disaster zones, contaminated sites, wildfire areas, and damaged infrastructure, where limited flight endurance must be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jimin Choi , Grant Stagg , Cameron K. Peterson , Max Z. Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in computer science education through AI-assisted programming tools, yet such workflows often exhibit objective drift, in which locally plausible outputs diverge from stated task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Mark Dranias , Adam Whitley

Reward shaping in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for complex tasks remains a significant challenge. Existing approaches often fail to find optimal solutions or cannot efficiently handle such tasks. We propose HYPRL, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Tzu-Han Hsu , Arshia Rafieioskouei , Borzoo Bonakdarpour

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a pivotal paradigm in artificial intelligence to align large models with human preferences. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical framework to simultaneously conduct the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-01 Nan Lu , Ethan Lee , Ethan X. Fang , Junwei Lu