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In this paper we will do the following: (1) show how to geometrically define multiplication, using only basic plane geometry, independently of area and any notion of similar triangles; (2) prove all the properties of multiplication using…
Motivated by strong desire to understand the natural geometry of moduli spaces of hyperbolic monopoles, we introduce and study a new type of geometry: pluricomplex geometry. It is a generalisation of hypercomplex geometry: we still have a…
We investigate several topics of triangle geometry in the elliptic and in the extended hyperbolic plane, such as: centers based on orthogonality, centers related to circumcircles and incircles, radical centers and centers of similitude,…
Four-dimensional spacetime, together with a natural generalisation to extra dimensions, is obtained through an analysis of the structures and symmetries deriving from possible arithmetic expressions for one-dimensional time. On taking the…
We view difference algebra as the study of algebraic objects in the topos of difference sets. The methods of topos theory and categorical logic enable us to develop difference homological algebra, identify a solid foundation for difference…
Albeverio, Kondratiev, and R\"{o}ckner have introduced a type of differential geometry, which we call lifted geometry, for the configuration space $\Gamma_X$ of any manifold $X$. The name comes from the fact that various elements of the…
We address the issue of angular measure, which is a contested issue for the International System of Units (SI). We provide a mathematically rigorous and axiomatic presentation of angular measure that leads to the traditional way of…
Although the geometric equality of figures has already been studied thoroughly, little work has been done about the comparison of unequal figures. We are used to compare only similar figures but would it be meaningful to compare non similar…
A tutorial introduction to projective geometric algebra (PGA), a modern, coordinate-free framework for doing euclidean geometry. PGA features: uniform representation of points, lines, and planes; robust, parallel-safe join and meet…
This paper aims to provide an explanatory edition of Bolyai's 'Appendix Demonstrating the Absolute Science of Space', first published in 1832. In this treatise Bolyai began by extending neutral (or 'absolute') geometry by deriving a number…
We present a new model of a non-Euclidean plane, in which angles in a triangle sum up to $\pi$. It is a subspace of the Cartesian plane over the field of hyperreal numbers $\mathbb{R}^*$. The model enables one to represent the negation of…
Fr\'echet regression extends classical regression methods to non-Euclidean metric spaces, enabling the analysis of data relationships on complex structures such as manifolds and graphs. This work establishes a rigorous theoretical analysis…
Diffeology extends differential geometry to spaces beyond smooth manifolds. This paper explores diffeology's key features and illustrates its utility with examples including singular and quotient spaces, and applications in symplectic…
Historically, there have been many attempts to produce an appropriate mathematical formalism for modeling the nature of physical space, such as Euclid's geometry, Descartes' system of Cartesian coordinates, the Argand plane, Hamilton's…
A new field of discrete differential geometry is presently emerging on the border between differential and discrete geometry. Whereas classical differential geometry investigates smooth geometric shapes (such as surfaces), and discrete…
This work has its origins in an attempt to describe systematically the integrable geometries and gauge theories in dimensions one to four related to twistor theory. In each such dimension, there is a nondegenerate integrable geometric…
We review the memoir \emph{heorie der Parallellinien} by Johann Heinrich Lambert, written in 1766. Lambert, a victim of the prejudices of his time, conceived this memoir as an attempt to prove the so-called parallel postulate of Euclid's…
The inscribed angle theorem, a famous result about the angle subtended by a chord within a circle, is well known and commonly taught in school curricula. In this paper, we present a generalisation of this result (and other related circle…
The article presents a new approach to euclidean plane geometry based on projective geometric algebra (PGA). It is designed for anyone with an interest in plane geometry, or who wishes to familiarize themselves with PGA. After a brief…
Distances are pervasive in machine learning. They serve as similarity measures, loss functions, and learning targets; it is said that a good distance measure solves a task. When defining distances, the triangle inequality has proven to be a…