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Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an open-set recognition task, which is usually formulated as a one-class classification (OCC) problem, where training data is comprised of videos with normal instances while test data contains both normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ayush K. Rai , Tarun Krishna , Feiyan Hu , Alexandru Drimbarean , Kevin McGuinness , Alan F. Smeaton , Noel E. O'Connor

Anomaly detection in videos aims at reporting anything that does not conform the normal behaviour or distribution. However, due to the sparsity of abnormal video clips in real life, collecting annotated data for supervised learning is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Yiwei Lu , Mahesh Kumar Krishna Reddy , Seyed shahabeddin Nabavi , Yang Wang

Anomaly detection and localization in visual data, including images and videos, are crucial in machine learning and real-world applications. Despite rapid advancements in visual anomaly detection (VAD), interpreting these often black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yizhou Wang , Dongliang Guo , Sheng Li , Octavia Camps , Yun Fu

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the phenomenon of data redundancy in video understanding, with the aim to improve computational efficiency. Our investigation commences with an examination of spatial redundancy, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yulin Wang , Haoji Zhang , Yang Yue , Shiji Song , Chao Deng , Junlan Feng , Gao Huang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an important topic in computer vision. Motivated by the recent advances in self-supervised learning, this paper addresses VAD by solving an intuitive yet challenging pretext task, i.e., spatio-temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Guodong Wang , Yunhong Wang , Jie Qin , Dongming Zhang , Xiuguo Bao , Di Huang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in zero-shot action recognition by learning to associate video embeddings with class embeddings. However, a significant challenge arises when relying solely on action…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yehna Kim , Young-Eun Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

When applied sequentially to video, frame-based networks often exhibit temporal inconsistency - for example, outputs that flicker between frames. This problem is amplified when the network inputs contain time-varying corruptions. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Matthew Dutson , Nathan Labiosa , Yin Li , Mohit Gupta

In this paper, we explore a weakly supervised method for anomaly detection. Since annotating videos is time-consuming, we only look at weak video-level labels during training. This means that given a video, we know that it is either normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Urvi Gianchandani , Praveen Tirupattur , Mubarak Shah

We introduce Text-based Explainable Video Anomaly Detection (TbVAD), a language-driven framework for weakly supervised video anomaly detection that performs anomaly detection and explanation entirely within the textual domain. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Hari Lee

We tackle the complex problem of detecting and recognising anomalies in surveillance videos at the frame level, utilising only video-level supervision. We introduce the novel method AnomalyCLIP, the first to combine Large Language and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Luca Zanella , Benedetta Liberatori , Willi Menapace , Fabio Poiesi , Yiming Wang , Elisa Ricci

Cause-and-effect reasoning in video is a significant challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), as it requires going beyond surface-level perception to a deeper understanding of causal mechanisms. However, existing benchmarks rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mingfang Zhang , Jingjing Pan , Ashutosh Kumar , Rajat Saini , Mustafa Erdogan , Hsuan-Kung Yang , Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Yoichi Sato , Quan Kong

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to localize abnormal events on the timeline of long-range surveillance videos. Anomaly-scoring-based methods have been prevailing for years but suffer from the high complexity of thresholding and low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hui Lv , Qianru Sun

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is a significant computer vision problem. Existing deep neural network (DNN) based VAD methods mostly follow the route of frame reconstruction or frame prediction. However, the lack of mining and learning of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Zhiwei Yang , Jing Liu , Zhaoyang Wu , Peng Wu , Xiaotao Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently achieved remarkable success in eliciting visual reasoning within Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing approaches typically train separate models for different tasks and treat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Kaituo Feng , Manyuan Zhang , Hongyu Li , Kaixuan Fan , Shuang Chen , Yilei Jiang , Dian Zheng , Peiwen Sun , Yiyuan Zhang , Haoze Sun , Yan Feng , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Xiangyu Yue

Action segmentation refers to inferring boundaries of semantically consistent visual concepts in videos and is an important requirement for many video understanding tasks. For this and other video understanding tasks, supervised approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 M. Saquib Sarfraz , Naila Murray , Vivek Sharma , Ali Diba , Luc Van Gool , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Video is one of the robust sources of information and the consumption of online and offline videos has reached an unprecedented level in the last few years. A fundamental challenge of extracting information from videos is a viewer has to go…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Shruti Jadon , Mahmood Jasim

Image-based sports analytics enable automatic retrieval of key events in a game to speed up the analytics process for human experts. However, most existing methods focus on structured television broadcast video datasets with a straight and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Subhajit Chaudhury , Daiki Kimura , Phongtharin Vinayavekhin , Asim Munawar , Ryuki Tachibana , Koji Ito , Yuki Inaba , Minoru Matsumoto , Shuji Kidokoro , Hiroki Ozaki

Video understanding aims to enable models to perceive, reason about, and interact with the dynamic visual world. In contrast to image understanding, video understanding inherently requires modeling temporal dynamics and evolving visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhaochong An , Zirui Li , Mingqiao Ye , Feng Qiao , Jiaang Li , Zongwei Wu , Vishal Thengane , Chengzu Li , Lei Li , Luc Van Gool , Guolei Sun , Serge Belongie

Numerous scene text detection methods have been proposed in recent years. Most of them declare they have achieved state-of-the-art performances. However, the performance comparison is unfair, due to lots of inconsistent settings (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Pengwen Dai , Xiaochun Cao

In this paper, we introduce a novel task, referred to as Weakly-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Anomaly Detection (WSSTAD) in surveillance video. Specifically, given an untrimmed video, WSSTAD aims to localize a spatio-temporal tube (i.e., a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Jie Wu , Wei Zhang , Guanbin Li , Wenhao Wu , Xiao Tan , Yingying Li , Errui Ding , Liang Lin