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Gaussian processes are ubiquitous in machine learning, statistics, and applied mathematics. They provide a flexible modelling framework for approximating functions, whilst simultaneously quantifying uncertainty. However, this is only true…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-19 George Wynne , François-Xavier Briol , Mark Girolami

In this article we derive formula for probability $\Prob(\sup_{t\leq T} (X(t)-ct)>u)$ where $X=\{X(t)\}$ is a spectrally positive L\'evy process and $c\in\RL$. As an example we investigate the inverse Gaussian L\'evy process.

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-30 Zbigniew Michna

For every $n\in\N$, let $X_{1n},..., X_{nn}$ be independent copies of a zero-mean Gaussian process $X_n=\{X_n(t), t\in T\}$. We describe all processes which can be obtained as limits, as $n\to\infty$, of the process $a_n(M_n-b_n)$, where…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-03 Zakhar Kabluchko

We consider the problem of inferring a latent function in a probabilistic model of data. When dependencies of the latent function are specified by a Gaussian process and the data likelihood is complex, efficient computation often involve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-23 Martin Tegner , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy , Stephen Roberts

In this paper we study the supremum functional $M_t=\sup_{0\le s\le t}X_s$, where $X_t$, $t\ge0$, is a one-dimensional L\'{e}vy process. Under very mild assumptions we provide a simple, uniform estimate of the cumulative distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-09 Mateusz Kwaśnicki , Jacek Małecki , Michał Ryznar

If the prime numbers are pseudo-randomly distributed, then analogy with quantum systems suggests that counting primes might be modeled by a non-homogeneous Poisson process. Consequently, postulating underlying gamma statistics, more-or-less…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-19 J. LaChapelle

The goal of this expository article is a fairly self-contained account of some averaging processes of functions along sequences of the form $(\alpha^n x)^{}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$, where $\alpha$ is a fixed real number with $| \alpha | > 1$ and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-24 Michael Baake , Alan Haynes , Daniel Lenz

For a given centered Gaussian process with stationary increments $\{X(t), t\geq 0\}$ and $c>0$, let $$ W_\gamma(t)=X(t)-ct-\gamma\inf_{0\leq s\leq t}\left(X(s)-cs\right), \quad t\geq 0$$ denote the $\gamma$-reflected process, where…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-11-08 Krzysztof Debicki , Enkelejd Hashorva , Peng Liu

Consider a stationary Poisson process $\eta$ in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean or hyperbolic space and construct a random graph with vertex set $\eta$ as follows. First, each point $x\in\eta$ is connected by an edge to its nearest neighbour,…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Holger Sambale , Christoph Thäle , Tara Trauthwein

Gaussian Process (GPs) models are a rich distribution over functions with inductive biases controlled by a kernel function. Learning occurs through the optimisation of kernel hyperparameters using the marginal likelihood as the objective.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-22 Fergus Simpson , Vidhi Lalchand , Carl Edward Rasmussen

We study the small deviation probabilities of a family of very smooth self-similar Gaussian processes. The canonical process from the family has the same scaling property as standard Brownian motion and plays an important role in the study…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-08-18 Frank Aurzada , Fuchang Gao , Thomas Kühn , Wenbo V. Li , Qi-Man Shao

Mappings from biological sequences (DNA, RNA, protein) to quantitative measures of sequence functionality play an important role in contemporary biology. We are interested in the related tasks of (i) inferring predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Samantha Petti , Carlos Martí-Gómez , Justin B. Kinney , Juannan Zhou , David M. McCandlish

Gaussian processes are a powerful framework for quantifying uncertainty and for sequential decision-making but are limited by the requirement of solving linear systems. In general, this has a cubic cost in dataset size and is sensitive to…

We consider the representation of the value of a class of optimal stopping problems of linear diffusions in a linearized form as an expected supremum of a known function. We establish an explicit integral representation of this representing…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-16 Luis H. R. Alvarez E. , Pekka Matomäki

In this paper we show that the continuous version of the self normalised process $Y_{n,p}(t)= S_n(t)/V_{n,p}+(nt-[nt])X_{[nt]+1}/V_{n,p}$ where $S_n(t)=\sum_{i=1}^{[nt]} X_i$ and $V_{(n,p)}= \sum_{i=1}^{n}|X_i|^p)^{\frac{1}{p}}$ and $X_i$…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-08-03 G K Basak , Arunangshu Biswas

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-02-23 Yuan Qi , Ahmed H. Abdel-Gawad , Thomas P. Minka

We analyze the Gaussian approximation as a method to obtain the first and second moments of a stochastic process described by a master equation. We justify the use of this approximation with ideas coming from van Kampen's expansion approach…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 Luis F. Lafuerza , Raul Toral

We derive theorems which outline explicit mechanisms by which anomalous scaling for the probability density function of the sum of many correlated random variables asymptotically prevails. The results characterize general anomalous scaling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Attilio L. Stella , Fulvio Baldovin

Randomized higher-order computation can be seen as being captured by a lambda calculus endowed with a single algebraic operation, namely a construct for binary probabilistic choice. What matters about such computations is the probability of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Ugo Dal Lago , Claudia Faggian , Simona Ronchi Della Rocca

Let $\{X(t),t\ge0\}$ be a centered Gaussian process and let $\gamma$ be a non-negative constant. In this paper we study the asymptotics of $P\{\underset{t\in [0,\mathcal{T}/u^\gamma]}\sup X(t)>u\}$ as $u\to\infty$, with $\mathcal{T}$ an…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-11-26 Krzysztof Dȩbicki , Enkelejd Hashorva , Lanpeng Ji
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