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AI agents that leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming core building blocks of modern software systems. A wide range of frameworks is now available to support the specification of such applications. These frameworks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Yuval David

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled LLM-based agents to directly interact with application user interfaces (UIs), enhancing agents' performance in complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from high latency and low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junting Lu , Zhiyang Zhang , Fangkai Yang , Jue Zhang , Lu Wang , Chao Du , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

The arrival of Large Language Models (LLMs) has stirred up philosophical debates about the possibility of realizing agency in an artificial manner. In this work we contribute to the debate by presenting a theoretical model that can be used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Maud van Lier , Gorka Muñoz-Gil

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have shown great potential for task automation on computing devices such as computers and mobile phones. However, existing agents face challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Zishu Wei , Congkai Xie , Xueyu Hu , Xinchen Xu , Shengyu Zhang , Xiaotian Han , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

AI models excel at creating content, but typically render it with static, predefined interfaces. Specifically, the output of LLMs is often a markdown "wall of text". Generative UI is a long standing promise, where the model generates not…

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities to comprehend human intentions, engage in reasoning, and design planning-like behavior. To further unleash the power of LLMs to accomplish complex tasks, there…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly seen as assistants, copilots, and consultants, capable of supporting a wide range of tasks through natural conversation. However, most systems remain constrained by a linear request-response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiaqi Chen , Yanzhe Zhang , Yutong Zhang , Yijia Shao , Diyi Yang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are autonomous systems that interpret and generate actions, enabling intelligent user assistance and automation. Effective training of these agent presents unique challenges, such as sparsity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yiqiao Jin , Stefano Petrangeli , Yu Shen , Gang Wu

Software systems have traditionally been designed for human interaction, emphasizing graphical user interfaces, usability, and cognitive alignment with end users. However, recent advances in large language model (LLM)-based agents are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shaolin Wang , Yi Mei , Haoyang Che , He Jiang , Shui Yu , Ying Gu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, expected to decompose goals, invoke tools, and verify results in dynamic environments. Realizing these capabilities requires access to agentic data-structured interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Abhigya Verma , Seganrasan Subramanian , Nandhakumar Kandasamy , Naman Gupta

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a surge of interest in agents, leading to the rapid growth of agent frameworks. Agent frameworks are software toolkits and libraries that provide standardized components, abstractions,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanlin Wang , Xinyi Xu , Jiachi Chen , Tingting Bi , Wenchao Gu , Zibin Zheng

The rise of (multimodal) large language models (LLMs) has shed light on software agent -- where software can understand and follow user instructions in natural language. However, existing approaches such as API-based and GUI-based agents…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mengwei Xu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into interactive systems opens new opportunities for adaptive user experiences, yet it also raises challenges regarding accessibility, explainability, and normative compliance. This paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Blessing Jerry , Lourdes Moreno , Virginia Francisco , Raquel Hervas

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has reshaped agent systems. Unlike traditional rule-based agents with limited task scope, LLM-powered agents offer greater flexibility, cross-domain reasoning, and natural language interaction.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guannan Liang , Qianqian Tong

The era of intelligent agents is upon us, driven by revolutionary advancements in large language models. Large Language Model (LLM) agents, with goal-driven behaviors and dynamic adaptation capabilities, potentially represent a critical…

Agents, as user-centric tools, are increasingly deployed for human task delegation, assisting with a broad spectrum of requests by generating thoughts, engaging with user proxies, and producing action plans. However, agents based on large…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Wenyue Hua , Mengting Wan , Shashank Vadrevu , Ryan Nadel , Yongfeng Zhang , Chi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have brought exciting new advances to mobile UI agents, a long-standing research field that aims to complete arbitrary natural language tasks through mobile UI interactions. However, existing UI agents usually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hao Wen , Shizuo Tian , Borislav Pavlov , Wenjie Du , Yixuan Li , Ge Chang , Shanhui Zhao , Jiacheng Liu , Yunxin Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Large language models are redefining software engineering by implementing AI-powered techniques throughout the whole software development process, including requirement gathering, software architecture, code generation, testing, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Malik Abdul Sami , Muhammad Waseem , Zeeshan Rasheed , Mika Saari , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Conversational agents show the promise to allow users to interact with mobile devices using language. However, to perform diverse UI tasks with natural language, developers typically need to create separate datasets and models for each…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Bryan Wang , Gang Li , Yang Li

Intelligent agents stand out as a potential path toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). Thus, researchers have dedicated significant effort to diverse implementations for them. Benefiting from recent progress in large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yuheng Cheng , Ceyao Zhang , Zhengwen Zhang , Xiangrui Meng , Sirui Hong , Wenhao Li , Zihao Wang , Zekai Wang , Feng Yin , Junhua Zhao , Xiuqiang He