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As Large Language Models make a breakthrough in natural language processing tasks (NLP), multimodal technique becomes extremely popular. However, it has been shown that multimodal NLP are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where the outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hao Wang , Jinzhe Jiang , Xin Zhang , Chen Li

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across multimodal tasks, but their reliance on visual inputs exposes them to adversarial threats. Encoder-based attacks provide an efficient alternative to end-to-end…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xinwei Zhang , Li Bai , Tianwei Zhang , Youqian Zhang , Qingqing Ye , Yingnan Zhao , Ruochen Du , Haibo Hu

The field of adversarial robustness has long established that adversarial examples can successfully transfer between image classifiers and that text jailbreaks can successfully transfer between language models (LMs). However, a pair of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Isha Gupta , Rylan Schaeffer , Joshua Kazdan , Ken Ziyu Liu , Sanmi Koyejo

Vision-language models (VLMs) seamlessly integrate visual and textual data to perform tasks such as image classification, caption generation, and visual question answering. However, adversarial images often struggle to deceive all prompts…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xikang Yang , Xuehai Tang , Fuqing Zhu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Adversarial examples are one critical security threat to various visual applications, where injected human-imperceptible perturbations can confuse the output.Generating transferable adversarial examples in the black-box setting is crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Junlin Liu , Xinchen Lyu

Adversarial examples have been demonstrated to threaten many computer vision tasks including object detection. However, the existing attacking methods for object detection have two limitations: poor transferability, which denotes that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Xingxing Wei , Siyuan Liang , Ning Chen , Xiaochun Cao

Recently, many studies utilized adversarial examples (AEs) to raise the cost of malicious image editing and copyright violation powered by latent diffusion models (LDMs). Despite their successes, a few have studied the surrogate model they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junxi Chen , Junhao Dong , Xiaohua Xie

Adversarial training has shown promise in building robust models against adversarial examples. A major drawback of adversarial training is the computational overhead introduced by the generation of adversarial examples. To overcome this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xiaojun Jia , Jianshu Li , Jindong Gu , Yang Bai , Xiaochun Cao

Recent years have seen the wide application of NLP models in crucial areas such as finance, medical treatment, and news media, raising concerns of the model robustness and vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yuting Yang , Pei Huang , Juan Cao , Jintao Li , Yun Lin , Jin Song Dong , Feifei Ma , Jian Zhang

Deep learning based systems are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where a small, imperceptible change at the input alters the model prediction. However, to date the majority of the approaches to detect these attacks have been designed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Vyas Raina , Mark Gales

As a general-purpose vision-language pretraining model, CLIP demonstrates strong generalization ability in image-text alignment tasks and has been widely adopted in downstream applications such as image classification and image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kuanrong Liu , Siyuan Liang , Cheng Qian , Ming Zhang , Xiaochun Cao

Adversarial attacks introduce small, deliberately crafted perturbations that mislead neural networks, and their transferability from white-box to black-box target models remains a critical research focus. Input transformation-based attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Quan Liu , Feng Ye , Chenhao Lu , Shuming Zhen , Guanliang Huang , Lunzhe Chen , Xudong Ke

Video classification systems based on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance in accurately verifying video content. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Duoxun Tang , Yuxin Cao , Xi Xiao , Derui Wang , Sheng Wen , Tianqing Zhu

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, their instruction-following behavior leaves them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. Existing prompt injection methods predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Meiwen Ding , Song Xia , Chenqi Kong , Xudong Jiang

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrating vision into Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as Flamingo and GPT-4. This paper sheds light on the security and safety implications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiangyu Qi , Kaixuan Huang , Ashwinee Panda , Peter Henderson , Mengdi Wang , Prateek Mittal

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong cross-modal performance, yet recent evidence suggests they over-rely on textual descriptions while under-utilizing visual evidence -- a phenomenon termed ``text shortcut learning.'' We propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lijie Zhou

Existing adversarial attacks for VLP models are mostly sample-specific, resulting in substantial computational overhead when scaled to large datasets or new scenarios. To overcome this limitation, we propose Hierarchical Refinement Attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Peng-Fei Zhang , Zi Huang

In this work, we consider model robustness of deep neural networks against adversarial attacks from a global manifold perspective. Leveraging both the local and global latent information, we propose a novel adversarial training method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Zhuang Qian , Shufei Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Rui Zhang , Xinping Yi

In the transfer-based adversarial attacks, adversarial examples are only generated by the surrogate models and achieve effective perturbation in the victim models. Although considerable efforts have been developed on improving the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Xiangyuan Yang , Jie Lin , Hanlin Zhang , Xinyu Yang , Peng Zhao

We introduce the Adversarial Confusion Attack, a new class of threats against multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Unlike jailbreaks or targeted misclassification, the goal is to induce systematic disruption that makes the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Artur Janicki